巧解定语从句引导词
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发布时间:2017-12-04 10:36:00
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文|新疆哈密二中 常玉国
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定语从句学习中最难的就是引导词的准确使用问题,也是定语从句考查频率最高的考点。其实,掌握了下面公式,这个问题就可以迎刃而解:
引导词=指什么+作什么
所谓“指什么”,就是说引导词是指代人、事、物,还是全句?这点一般取决于先行词;而“作什么”,则是看引导词在句中作什么句子成分,这个取决于定语从句——两者相比,作什么成分更为重要!
●试试●尝试下面这组题目,看看是不是头大了?
1.This is the factory ________ we worked three years ago.
2.This is the factory ________ we visited three years ago.
3.This is the factory ________ we spent three years when we were young.
4.This is the factory ________ produced bicycles three years ago.
5.This is the factory ________ products sold well three years ago.
6.This is the factory ________ the products sold well three years ago.
其实,把握住了“引导词”=“(先行词)指什么+作什么(担当何种句子成分)”这个公式,特别是引导词在句中担当的句子成分这个牛鼻子,题目就很简单了!
●找找●你能对照下表快速准确地确定上面题目的引导词吗?
●查查●以上6题答案解析如下。你做得对吗?
1. where或in which(句中缺地点状语);
2. that或which或省略(visit为及物动词,句中缺宾语);
3. where或in which(定语从句主谓宾齐全,缺地点状语);
4. which或that(句中缺主语);
5. whose(空后是名词,一定缺定语;只要缺定语,一定用whose);
6. of which(请注意和第5题比较,是不是多了一个定冠词the?这就是“of which+ the +名词”或“the+名词+of which”用法,相当于whose的变体)。
●想想●用上面“公式”,试着解解这些高考题目,想想你的思路。
【高考链接】(2015年新课标卷I,语法填空)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River___64___are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的准确应用,答案为which或that。此处容易误填为where。
公式:which/that=(指代)the limestone mountain tops and dark waters +作(非限定性定语从句中的)主语。
【高考链接】(2015年广东卷,语法填空)When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market ___24___ people from the town met regularly.
【解析】考查定语从句引导词的准确应用,答案为where。
公式:where=(指代)the market+作(定语从句中)地点状语。
●练练●趁热打铁,再练一把,看看你学会了多少?
1. (2017年北京卷,单选改编,31) The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
2. (2017年江苏卷,单选改编,28) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
3.(2017年天津卷,单选改编,9) My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
4.(2016年天津卷,单选改编,9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ________ the weather may be better.
5.(2015年重庆卷,单选改编,14) He wrote many children’ s books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
6.(2015年北京卷,单选改编,24)Opposite is St.Paul’s Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
7. (2015年陕西卷,单选改编,15) As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
8. (2014年广东卷,语法填空) The next day, my brother and I went to the beach ________ we watched some people play volleyball.
9. (2013年福建卷,单选改编,27) The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those________ lives were affected.
10. (2013年山东卷,单选改编,31) There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.
【参考答案】
1.that/which 2.whose 3.whose 4.when 5.which 6.where 7.when 8.where 9.whose 10.as
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