做短文改错须注意七个一致


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发布时间:2017-12-25 20:07:00
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内容提要:短文改错需注意以下七个一致。

广东省韶关市曲仁中学 黄国华
短文改错需注意以下七个一致。

一、指代一致:遇到代词要弄清指代对象,代词须与它所指代的名词在人称、数、性等方面保持一致。
例1: When I look at this picture of myself, I realize how fast time flies... This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. (2017年全国III卷)
例1:从第一句可知,作者自己读书时的照片,这张照片让作者回想起的应是他自己的中学生活,即与I, me一致,故应改your为my。

二、主谓一致
例2: My dream school look like a big garden.(2014年全国Ⅱ卷)
例2:主语My dream school是第三人称单数,look也应用第三人称单词形式,故改look为looks。

三、时态一致:时态是高考短文改错中每年必考的,我们一定要重视。
例3: Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank. (2017年全国I卷)
例3:本句中的thought, started都是过去式,而goes却是现在式,根据时态一致原则,应改goes为went。

四、平行一致
1.谓语动词:
例4: About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. (2017后全国III卷)
例4:由and提醒我们注意平行一致,become应与entered一致,又由前面的was可知用一般过去时,故应改become为became。
2.非谓语动词:
例5: We can choose between staying at home and take a trip. (2016年全国Ⅱ卷)
例5:由and提醒我们注意平行一致,take应与staying一致,作介词between的宾语,故改take为taking。
3.词性一致:
例6: The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. (2014年全国Ⅰ卷)
例6:由and提醒我们注意平行一致,taste应与juicy, small一致,为形容词,作are的表语,而taste是动词,因此将其改为形容词形式tasty。
4.比较一致:
例7: They were also the best and worse years in my life. (2016年全国Ⅲ卷)
例7:由and提醒我们注意平行一致,worse应与best一致,要么都是比较级,要么都是最高级;由表示范围的in my life和best前的the可知,两者都应用最高级,故改worse为worst。

五、修饰一致
例8: Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady.(2016年全国I卷)
例8:修饰动词will grow是要用副词的,而stead是形容词,故改steady为steadily。
例9:...and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day(2017年全国I卷)
例9:因a是放在以辅音开头的词前面的,此处hour是以元音开头的,故a改为an。

六、逻辑一致
例10: Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank. (2017年全国Ⅰ卷)
例10:因“我原以为我已学会了教练的指令了”与“一旦我开动汽车时头脑一片空白”不是因果关系而是转折关系,故改so为but。

七、名词修饰语一致
例11: The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me .(2016年全国III卷)
例11:由13 to 19可知不止一年,year应当用复数,另外,谓语动词是were,根据主谓一致也可知用year的复数形式。

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