双语 | 世卫总干事清华大学毕业典礼演讲：健康是社会和经济发展的基础
助读词汇
commencement [kəˈmɛnsmənt] 开始；毕业典礼；学位授予典礼；开端
dean [di:n] 系主任；教务长；院长；主持牧师；学院院长
distinguished [dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt] 卓越的；著名的；高贵的；显得重要的；有尊严的;辨别；区分；分清；成为…的特征；使具有…的特色；使有别于；看出；认清；听出；使出众；使受人青睐；(distinguish的过去式和过去分词);区分；辨别；分清
faculty [ˈfækəlti] 天赋；系；院；特许证；许可证；才能；本领；天资；全体教学（或科研）人员；大学（或学院）的全体教职员
embarking [imˈbɑ:kɪŋ] 着手；从事；装载；（embark的现在分词）
inherit [ɪnˈhɛrɪt] 继承；遗传而得；接手；得到；获得
robbed [rɒbd] 抢劫；掠夺；（rob的过去式和过去分词）
divisions [dɪ'vɪʒnz] 区域；分开；分界线；分离；分歧；（division的复数）
inequalities [ɪnɪk'wɒlɪtɪz] 不平等；不均等；（inequality的复数）
contraction [kənˈtrækʃən] 收缩；缩小；缩约；缩约形式；挛缩；缩约词
military [ˈmɪlɪtəri] 军人的；军事的；武装部队的
turmoil [ˈtə:mɔɪl] 骚动；混乱
microscopic [mʌɪkrəˈskɒpɪk] 用显微镜方可见的；显微镜的；微小的；微观的；极小的
microbe [ˈmʌɪkrəʊb] 微生物；细菌
relatively [ˈrɛlətɪvli] 相对地；比较而言；按…比例说；相当；比较地
luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri] 奢侈；奢华；奢侈享受；奢侈品；高档物品
conviction [kənˈvɪkʃən] 判决；定罪；坚定的信仰；深信的观点；说服力
privilege [ˈprɪvɪlɪdʒ] 特权；特惠待遇；优待；特别待遇；特殊荣幸；议会特权；拒绝泄露内情权；特许经营权；豁免权；垄断权
poverty [ˈpɒvəti] 贫穷；贫困；低劣；贫乏；不足；个人财产权的放弃
vaccine [ˈvæksi:n] 疫苗；牛痘苗；菌苗；杀病毒软件;疫苗的；牛痘的；接种的
coverage [ˈkʌvərɪdʒ] 涉及面；探讨范围；媒体报道；防守；承保范围；覆盖地区；覆盖面；可覆盖面积；盯防
priority [praɪˈɒrɪti] 优先；优先权；[数]优先次序；优先考虑的事
vision [ˈvɪʒən] 视力；视觉；梦幻；幻觉；远见；梦想；构想；想像；美景；眼力
sustainable [səˈsteɪnəbəl] 可持续的；可以忍受的；可支撑的；养得起的
endorsed [ɪn'dɔrst] 赞同；支持；签署；（endorse的过去式和过去分词）
declaration [dɛkləˈreɪʃən] 声明；宣布；宣告；公告；宣言；维权声明；公示；对一赛局结束的宣布；选举结果的公告；原告诉词
assembly [əˈsɛmbli] 装配；集合；集会；议会
toll [təʊl] 通行费；伤亡人数；钟声；长途电话费；代价；损失；破坏
brake [breɪk] 闸；刹车；制动装置；敞篷四轮马车；捣碎机；灌木丛；欧洲蕨；凤尾蕨；阻碍
bogged [bɒgd] 使陷入泥沼；（bog的过去式）
saps ['sæps] 逐渐削弱（某人[某事物]的力量、活力等）( sap的第三人称单数 ); 逐渐消耗（某人的力量、活力等）;
drains [dreɪnz] 流干；排水
imperative [ɪmˈpɛrətɪv] 至关重要的；紧要的；命令的；强制的；专横的；祈使语气的
resounding [rɪˈzaʊndɪŋ] 回声的；回响的；响亮的；洪亮的；明白无误的；明显的；令人瞩目的
budget [ˈbʌdʒɪt] 预算；一批材料；国家预算；款项；专款
scourge [skə:dʒ] 鞭子；麻烦制造者；祸害
crucial [ˈkru:ʃəl] 决定性的；关键性的；至关重要的；极好的
sector [ˈsɛktə] 部门；行业；领域；扇形；扇区；区域;把...分成部分；把…划成扇形
status [ˈsteɪtəs] 相对社会地位；相对身份；情形；状态；状况；地位；身份；重要地位；要人身份
demographic [ˌdɛməˈɡræfɪk] 人口结构的；人口统计的
urbanization [ˌɜ:bənaɪ'zeɪʃn] 都市化；城市化
existential [ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl] 存在的；关于（人的）存在的；存在主义的；断定存在的
addressing [ə'drəsɪŋ] 写姓名地址；演说；处理；称呼；（address的现在分词）;寻址；访问
determinants [dɪˈtɜ:mɪnənts] 决定因素；（determinant的复数）
commerce [ˈkɒmə:s] 贸易；商业；社交；交往；性交
nonetheless [nʌnðəˈlɛs] 尽管如此；仍然
escalating [ˈeskəleitɪŋ] 逐步升级；使逐步上升；（escalate的现在分词形式）
glimpse [ɡlɪm(p)s] 一瞥；一看
pump [pʌmp] 泵；轻便鞋；泵送；抽运；抽吸；压动式猎枪；运动鞋；橡胶底浅口帆布鞋
hypertension [hʌɪpəˈtenʃən] 高血压；过度紧张
prosperity [prɒˈsperɪti] 繁荣；兴旺；成功；昌盛
vulnerable [ˈvʌlnərəbəl] 易受攻击的；易受伤害的；脆弱的；有局方的；有身价的
resilient [rɪˈzɪlɪənt] 有弹性的；有回弹力的；有复原力的；对困境有承受力的；有抵抗力的
solidarity [ˌsɒlɪˈdærɪti] 团结一致；团结工会
defining [dɪ'faɪnɪŋ] 解释…的含义；给…下定义；阐明；明确；界定；画出…的线条；描述…外形；确定…的界限；(define的现在分词)
Address at Tsinghua SEM Commencement 2020
在清华大学经济管理学院毕业典礼上的演讲
Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of World Health Organization
世界卫生组织总干事 谭德塞
June 21, 2020
2020年6月21日
Beijing, China
中国，北京
Dean BAI Chong-En, Ni hao!
Distinguished guests, dear colleagues and friends,
白重恩院长，你好！
各位来宾、同事们、朋友们：
Greetings to all 2020 graduates of the Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management, and to all faculty, family, and friends.
我首先向清华大学经济管理学院2020届毕业生以及所有教职员工、家人和朋友致意。
Last week, I had the honour of speaking to students graduating from the City University of New York, and today, I’m honoured to be speaking to you. Like them, you are entering the world of work full of hopes and dreams for the future. Like them, you are embarking on your careers in an uncertain world. Like them, we look to you to build the world our children and grandchildren will inherit.
上周，我为纽约城市大学的毕业生送上了祝福，今天，我很荣幸能够在这里向大家致辞。和他们一样，你们怀揣着对未来的憧憬和梦想步入社会；和他们一样，你们在充满不确定的环境中走入职场；和他们一样，你们的身上肩负着人类的前途和命运。但令人遗憾的是，新冠肺炎疫情剥夺了你们欢聚一堂参加毕业庆典的机会。当然，这场大流行疫情造成的损失远不止这一点，它还夺走了我们挚爱的亲人。
Unfortunately, COVID-19 has robbed you of the opportunity to celebrate your graduation together. This is just one of the many things the pandemic has taken from us. It has also robbed us of people we love. But of course, the pandemic is much more than a health crisis. It has exposed the political divisions and the social and economic inequalities of our world. Millions of jobs have been lost. The global economy is headed for its sharpest contraction since the Great Depression. For all the economic, military and technological might of nations, our world has been thrown into turmoil by a microscopic microbe.
新冠肺炎疫情不仅仅是一场健康危机，它暴露了当今世界的政治分歧以及社会和经济不平等现象。数以百万计的人失去工作，全球经济走向大萧条以来最剧烈的收缩期。尽管各国在经济、军事和技术上的力量无比强大，但一种极其微小的微生物却把我们的世界搅得一片混乱。
The world spends trillions of dollars preparing for a terrorist attack, but historically has spent relatively little preparing for the attack of a virus, which, as we are now seeing, can be far more deadly and far more damaging economically, politically and socially. All countries have been affected, rich and poor, large and small. The pandemic will shape the world for decades to come – and it will shape your lives and careers, too. COVID-19 is teaching us many lessons. Chief among them is that health is not a luxury item. It is the foundation of social and economic development.
各国为防范恐怖袭击花费了数万亿美元，但却很少为防范病毒袭击投入资金。我们现在看到，病毒袭击可以对经济、政治和社会造成更加致命的影响和损失。各国无论贫富和大小，概莫能外。这场大流行将影响今后几十年的世界发展，也将影响我们每个人的生活和工作。新冠肺炎给我们带来了很多教训，而其中最重要的教训是，健康不是奢侈品，而是社会和经济发展的基础。
WHO was founded in 1948 on the conviction that health is a human right for all people, not a privilege for those who can afford it. More than 70 years later, that conviction still drives everything we do. We believe no one should get sick and die simply because they are poor. We believe no family should have to choose between poverty and illness. We believe no child should die from a disease that in most countries can be easily prevented with a vaccine. We believe in a world in which all people can access the health services they need, without facing financial hardship.
世卫组织于1948年问世。本组织的基本理念是，健康是所有人的人权，而不是那些负担得起的人的特权。70余年后，这一理念仍是我们一切行动的准绳。我们认为，任何人都不应仅仅由于贫困而病亡；我们认为，任何家庭都不应因病致贫；我们认为，任何儿童都不应死于在大多数国家本可通过接种疫苗而很易预防的疾病；我们认为，世界上所有人都应该能够在不陷入财务困境的情况下获得所需的卫生服务。
That’s why we have made universal health coverage WHO’s top priority. This is a vision that all countries have agreed to in the Sustainable Development Goals. And it is a vision that the world’s leaders endorsed in the historic political declaration on universal health coverage at last year’s United Nations General Assembly. But the world is a long way from that vision. Unless we change course, up to 5 billion people will still lack access to some essential health services in 2030. Even when those services are available, using them can spell financial disaster for millions of people. The human toll of this injustice is appalling enough. But the lack of access to affordable, quality health care is also a brake on social and economic development, and a threat to global health security. It keeps people bogged down in poverty, saps productivity and drains hope.
因此，世卫组织将全民健康覆盖作为本组织首要任务，这是各国在可持续发展目标中共同确定的一项愿景。在去年的联合国大会上，世界各国领导人在历史性的全民健康覆盖政治宣言中重申了这一愿景，但世界离实现这一愿景还有很长的路要走，除非我们改变方向，否则，到2030年，仍将有多达50亿人无法获得一些基本卫生服务，而且，即使有这些服务，许多人也无法从中受益，因为使用这些服务会使他们陷入经济困境，这种不公正现象对人类造成的损害是令人震惊的。另一方面，缺乏可负担、高质量的卫生保健服务阻碍了社会和经济发展，并危及全球卫生安全，它使人们深陷贫困，失去生产力，丧失希望。
Universal health coverage is therefore not just a moral imperative, it’s an economic imperative. It’s an investment, not a cost. Consider this: the world spends 7.5 trillion U.S. dollars on health each year – almost 10 percent of global GDP. We need to ask ourselves: are we getting value for money? WHO believes the answer is a resounding no.
因此，实现全民健康覆盖不仅是道义所在，也是紧迫的经济需要。它是一种投资，而不应简单的视作成本。大家想想看：世界各国每年在卫生方面的支出高达7.5万亿美元，几乎占全球国内生产总值的10%。我们需要扪心自问的是，这样的投入是否物有所值？世卫组织认为答案是否定的。
Too many countries spend too much of their health budget on managing diseases in hospitals – where the costs are higher and the outcomes are often worse – instead of promoting health and preventing disease at the primary health care level. Countries spend billions treating lung cancer instead of stopping the scourge of tobacco; treating obesity, diabetes and heart disease instead of promoting healthy diets; treating injuries instead of making roads safer; treating depression instead of promoting mental health. All countries must make a crucial shift – to focus on promoting and protecting health, rather than only treating disease.
太多国家将太多卫生预算花在医院管理疾病上，而不是用于在初级卫生保健领域促进健康和预防疾病。这样做资金投入巨大，但结果却往往不尽人意。各国花费数十亿美元用于治疗肺癌，而不是遏制烟草祸害；治疗肥胖、糖尿病和心脏病，而不是提倡健康饮食；处理事故伤害，而不是改善道路安全；治疗抑郁症，而不是促进心理健康。各国必须做出重大转变，将重点放在促进和保护健康上，而不是仅仅治疗疾病。
To do that, we must address the reasons people get sick and die that lie outside the health sector, in the air people breathe, the food they eat, the water they drink, their housing, education, income, social status, and so on. It’s no accident that in many countries, the groups hit hardest by COVID-19 are those with the least access to essential health services. Major demographic trends like urbanization, migration and ageing populations, and the existential threat of climate change, also pose significant challenges for human health.
要做到这一点，我们必须解决造成人们生病和死亡的根本因素。这些因素超出卫生部门范畴，在人们呼吸的空气中，在吃的食物中，在喝的水中，还事关住房、教育、收入、社会地位等诸多方面。在许多国家，最不易获得基本卫生服务的人群受新冠肺炎影响最大，这绝非偶然。城市化、移民和人口老龄化等重大人口趋势，以及气候变化的严峻威胁，也对人类健康构成重大挑战。
Addressing these determinants of health will require fundamental changes in our approach to urban planning, energy, transport, trade and commerce – the very fields in which you will work. So although you are not graduating as public health professionals, whatever you do will nonetheless have an impact on public health. This is the great challenge of our time. But it’s also the opportunity of our time, because the countries that take a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach to health will not only have healthier populations; they will have healthier economies and societies.
针对这些健康问题的决定因素，需要从根本上改变我们的城市规划、能源、交通、贸易和商业方式。而这些正是你们今后的工作领域。所以，尽管你们的专业不是公共卫生，但无论你们从事什么工作，都会对公共卫生产生影响。这是当今时代面临的巨大挑战，但同时也是巨大的机遇。如果各国政府和社会都能重视卫生工作，我们的人民将会更加健康，经济和社会也将更加稳健。
Even as we continue to fight an escalating pandemic, we must also be asking what sort of recovery we want. The pandemic has given us a glimpse of the world as it could be. The question is, will we just go back to the way things were?
在抗击日益严重的大流行疫情的同时，我们也必须认真思考，未来需要怎样的复苏。这场大流行让我们瞥见世界本来可以有的另一番景象。问题是，我们能回到过去，一切照旧吗？
We cannot afford to pump carbon dioxide into the atmosphere at the same rate and still breathe clean air. We must choose. We cannot afford to eat and drink whatever we want and not expect to develop diabetes, hypertension, heart disease or cancer. We must choose. We cannot afford ever-deepening inequalities, and expect continued prosperity. We must choose.
我们不可能像过去那样，在大量排放二氧化碳的同时，又要呼吸清洁空气。我们必须做出选择。我们不能既随意吃喝，又不想患上糖尿病、高血压、心脏病或癌症。我们必须做出选择。我们不能既容忍日益严重的不平等现象，又期待持续的繁荣。我们必须做出选择。
Whatever lessons there are to learn from this pandemic, the greatest failing would be to not learn from them and to leave the world in the same vulnerable state it was before. If there is anything positive to come from this, it must be a healthier, safer, fairer and more resilient world, built on the foundation of equity and solidarity.
应该从这场大流行疫情中汲取教训。如果不接受教训，让世界重返以前的脆弱状态，将是最大的失误。痛定思痛，我们必须在平等和团结基础上，构建更健康、更安全、更公平和更稳固的世界。
Last century, the horrors of the two world wars gave birth to the realization that international cooperation is preferable to international conflict. My hope is that the suffering the world is now enduring will not be in vain. My hope is that the defining crisis of our age will likewise remind all people that the best way forward – the only way forward – is together.
上个世纪，两次世界大战的惨痛经历使人们认识到，应当开展国际合作，而不是参与国际冲突。我希望目前的磨难过后，世界能够痛定思痛。我希望，当今时代这场最严峻的危机能使所有人都意识到，团结一致，携手同行，才是最好的、也是唯一的前进方式。
You are embarking on your professional life at an extraordinary time, in a world that has changed dramatically in just a few short months. As graduates of the Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management, you will play an important role in the global recovery, wherever your careers take you, in either the public or private sectors.
世界在短短几个月内发生了巨大变化。在这样不寻常的时刻，你们即将开启职业生涯。作为清华大学经济管理学院的毕业生，无论你们从事何种职业，无论是进入公共部门，还是进入私营部门，你们都会在全球复苏中发挥重要作用。
The pandemic is teaching us valuable lessons that may be as important as anything you have learned in your studies. It is reminding us that we are one humanity. We share the same planet, the same DNA, the same hopes, dreams and even fears. It’s reminding us that none of us are safe until all of us are safe; that a healthier world is a safer world; and that health is not a cost, it’s an investment in our common future. You all have a part to play in creating that future, in whichever field you work.
大流行疫情给我们上了宝贵的一课，这一课可能和你们在校学习中学到的知识同样重要。大流行提醒我们，我们同属人类大家庭。我们共享同一个星球，有着同样的DNA，怀着同样的希望、梦想，甚至担忧。它提醒我们，人类休戚与共，每个人的安全都关乎所有人的安全，更健康的世界才是更安全的世界，健康不是成本，而是对我们共同未来的投资。
无论你们在哪个领域工作，在创造未来的过程中，你们都大有可为。
Today, I ask that wherever your careers take you, you work as ambassadors for global solidarity and our shared humanity; ambassadors for the human race.
我希望，无论你们今后从事何种职业，都能为促进全球团结合作、维护人类共同的前途命运贡献自己的力量。
I wish you every success.
祝你们一切顺利。
Xie xie.
谢谢！
Thank you very much.
谢谢大家！
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