【高中新教材】人教版选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 英汉对照、音频
导读：
整理新人教版选择性必修第一册的内容，这是Unit5的内容。
文末提供5个单元的15个音频下载方式。
A Pioneer for All People
Use word formation to guess the meaning
造福全人类的先驱者
Yuan Longping, known asthe “father of hybridrice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, heconsiders himself a farmer because he continually works the land in hisresearch. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions ofChinese farmers, to whom he has devotedhis life.
袁隆平，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一。然而，他认为自己是个农民，因为他不断地在田间耕作，进行科学研究。确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千百万中国农民一样。
Yuan Longping was bornin 1930 in Beijing. His parents wanted him to pursue a career in science ormedicine. However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poorharvests and sometimes even had a serious shortageof food to eat. To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agricultureand received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing.
袁隆平1930年出生于北京。他的父母希望他从事科学或医学方面的工作。然而，最让他担心的是，农民经常歉收，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。为了应对这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。
After graduating in1953, he worked as a researcher. Yuan Longpingrealised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had.How this, could be done was a challenging question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could befound in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is a cross between two or morevarieties of a species. One characteristicof hybrids is that they usually attaina higher yield than conventionalcrops. However, whether it was possible to developa hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice was a matter of great debate.The common assumption then was thatit could not be done. Through intense effort, Yuan overcameenormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabledfarmers to expand their output greatly.
1953年毕业后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，解决问题的办法并不是扩大农田面积，而是农民们需要提高他们已有土地上农作物的产量。如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平坚信，可以在杂交水稻的培育中找到答案。杂交植物是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比常规作物高。然而，是否有可能培育出如水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种，这是一个充满争议的问题。人们普遍认为这是不可能做到的。通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术难题，于1974年研制出了第一批可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。这种杂交植物使农民能够大幅度增加他们的水稻产量。
Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains,and his strains have allowed China’s farmers to produce around 200 million tonsof rice per year. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but manyother countries that depend on rice as well, such as India and Vietnam. Becauseof his invaluable contributions, Yuan Longping has received numerous awardsboth in China and abroad.
据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国，也养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南。因为他做出了不可估量的贡献。袁隆平在国内外获得了无数奖项。
Given that Yuan’shybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Yuan isstill very much a farmer at heart. As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrityor money. Instead, he makes large donations to support agricultural research.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。实际上，袁隆平在内心深处仍然是一位农民。作为一个土生土长的人，他不太在乎名利。相反，他大量捐款支持农业科学研究。
What impresses peoplemost about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfillhis dreams. Long ago, he envisioned rice plants as tall as sorghum, witheach ear of rice as big as a broom, and each grain of rice as huge as a peanut. He succeededin producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearlyone million square kilometres of saltyland in China for rice production. Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping isstill young at heartand full of vision, andeveryone is waiting to see what he will dream up next.
袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他设想水稻高至高粱，稻穗大如扫帚，而每粒稻谷大如花生。他成功地种植出一种可以养活国内外更多人口的水稻。他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实，并可能在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地，用于水稻生产。尽管年事已高，袁隆平的内心仍然年轻，富有远见，每个人都在等着看他下一步的梦想。
Chemical Versus Organic Farming
化学与有机农业的比较
Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in wide spread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. Over time, however, what some scientists have found isthat their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and peoples’ health.
自20世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料在农业中得到了广泛的应用。刚开始使用的时候，很多农民都很欢迎，认为这是防治作物病害和提高产量的好办法。但随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。
For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones. In addition, these chemicals can stayin the soil and underground water sources for a long time. This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact, some pesticides like DDT have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment. As for chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition. They may look beautiful onthe outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.
例如，农药不仅会杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质会在土壤和地下水源中停留很长时间，这会影响到土地上种植的作物，进而影响到消化这些作物的动物和人类。很多人担心这些化学物质会让他们生病，甚至致癌。事实上，一些杀虫剂，如DDT，由于对人和环境的破坏，大多数国家已经禁止使用。至于化肥，使用化肥种植的农作物通常生长过快，营养不丰富。但里面通常含有更多的水分而不是必需的矿物质，而且它们的味道往往也较差。
As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. Organic farmersfocus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease through natural means. For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser. This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals. It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.
作为一种选择，一些农户已经改用有机耕作，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时也转而选择有机食品。有机耕作就是不使用任何化学品的简单耕作。有机农户专注于通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和没有疾病。例如，许多有机农民使用动物的天然废物作为肥料。这使得他们田地里的土壤含有更丰富的矿物质。它还能使空气、土壤、水和农作物不含化学物质。Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil. They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year. For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year,and then grow beans there the next. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that used ifferent depths of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots. Thegoal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health.
有机农民还使用许多其他方法来培养肥沃的土壤。他们经常改变每年在每块田里种植的作物种类。例如，他们可能会在某块田里种植玉米或小麦，然后在第二年种植豆类。为什么要种植不同的农作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质释放回地里，让它再次为下一批农作物做好准备。有机耕种的农民还种植多样化的作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤的肥沃。例如，花生生长在地表，但许多其他蔬菜却把根扎得很深。使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人们的健康造成损害。
Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely.What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near able to meet that need.Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environmentas healthy as possible.
有些人希望在农业中完全停止使用人造化学品。阻止他们这样做的原因是，化学农业服务于全世界对食物的高需求。有机农业远远不能满足这种需求。因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，既能让餐桌上有足够的食物，又能让人们和环境尽可能地保持健康，还有很长的路要走。
hybrid n. 杂交植(动)物;合成物;混合动力车
devote vt. 把…献(给);把…专用于;专心于
devote...to 把…用于;献身;致力;专心
shortage n. 不足;缺少;短缺
tackle vt. 解决(难题);应付(局面);处理
crisis n. (pl. crises/-siz/)危机;危急关头
boost vt. 使增长;使兴旺n.增长;提高;激励
yield n. 产量;产出.出产(作物);产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服;让步
convince vt. 使相信;使确信;说服
characteristic n. 特征;特点;品质adj.典型的;独特的
attain vt. (通常经过努力)获得;得到
conventional adj. 传统的;习惯的
pollinate vt. 授粉;传粉
assumption n. 假定;设定;(责任的);承担;(权利的)获得
intense adj. 热切的;十分强烈的;激烈的
overcome vt. ( overcame,overcome)克服;解决;战胜
expand vt.＆vi.扩大;增加vt.扩展;发展(业务)
output n. 产量;输出;输出量vt.( output,output)输出
estimate vt. 估计;估价;估算n.估计;估算
domestic adj 本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的
consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费
comprise vt 包括;包含;由…组成
be comprised of 包括;包含;由…组成(或构成)
generate vt. 产生;引起
strain n. (动、植物的)系;品种;拉伤;压力
ensure n. 闲暇;休闲;空闲
deep down 在内心深处;本质上;实际上
soil n. 泥士;土壤;国土;领土
celebrity n. 名望;名誉;名人;名流
envisionvt. 展望;想象
sorghum n. 高梁;高梁米
broom n. 扫把;扫帚;金雀花
grain n. 谷物;谷粒;颗粒
vision n. 想象;视力;视野;影像
reality n. 现实;实际情况;事实
salty adj 含盐的;成的
urban adj 城市的;都市的;城镇的
bomb n. 炸弹v.轰炸;对…投炸弹
tunnel n. 地下通道;地道;隧道
extension n. 扩建部分;扩大;电话分机
chemical adj. 与化学有关的;化学的n.化学制品;化学品
wheat n. 小麦;小麦籽
flavor n. 味道;特点;特色
fertilizer n. 肥料
nutritional adj. 营养(物)的
nutritious adj 有营养的;营养丰富的
nutrition n. 营养;滋养
alleviatevt. 减轻;缓解
poverty n. 贫穷;贫困
organic adj. 有机的;不使用化肥的;有机物的
pesticide n. 杀虫剂;除害药物
widespread a. 分布广的;普遍的;广泛的
bacterium n. 细菌。
in turn 相应地;转而;依次;轮流
digest vt.＆vi.消化v.领会;领悟 n.摘要;文摘
essential adj. 完全必要的;极其重要的
mineral n. 矿物;矿物质
alternative n. 可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的;非传统的
grocery n. 食品杂货店;[pl.]食品杂货
instance n. 例子;实例;事例
for instance 例如;比如
depth n. 向下(或向里)的距离;深(度)
root n. 根;根茎;根部;根源
entirely adv. 全部地;完整地;完全地
aspect n. 方面;层面
Vietnam 越南(国家名)
【新教材】人教版高中英语 第一二三册 英汉对照、音频、Video Time
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