语法填空题考查形式及考点分布

语法填空题考查形式及考点分布：

（1） 出题方式：设关键词和不设关键词。

（2）设关键词：考查形容词、副词或者动词的用法。

①形容词、副词：考查比较级和最高级，备考方法：准确判断出考点，并且熟练掌握不同形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的形式。

②动词：考查谓语和非谓语动词，即时态语态、分词、动名词、不定式。

谓语动词的备考方法：了解各种时态的标志词以及特征，判断句子主被动，掌握主动表被动的句型运用。

非谓语动词的备考方法：掌握加to do以及加doing的固定句型，准确判断动词在充当非谓语功能时的时态和语态。

（3）不设关键词：考查冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、连词的用法（情冠连介代）。

①冠词：考查定冠词和不定冠词，备考方法：准确判断语境是特指还是非特指。

②介词：考查搭配及具体语境的用法，备考方法：熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法。

③代词：考查人称物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词，备考方法：注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应。

④情态动词：考查各个情态动词的用法，备考方法：注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度。

⑤连词：考查并列连词和从属连词的用法，备考方法：判断上下句之间的逻辑关系或熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连词的特定用法。

注意：在掌握以上考点的同时也不能忽视对一些基本常用句型的考查，如：not…until…； not only…but (also)…； so…that…； not…but…； as…as…； either…or…； more…than…； neither…nor…； such…that…； hardly…when…； no sooner…than…等。

【例题精讲】

例1.

City Planning

City planners are the people who  guide the development of cities and towns. They advise local governments on  ways to improve communities,and they design entirely new communities. In  South Florida, for example, city planners are working to improve existing  communities. The population of the area (1)__________ (expect) to increase  from 5.5 million to 7.5 million by 2020. The growth is headed to the west,  (2)__________ there is still open land. But western growth creates a costly  need for new roads, and is a threat (3)__________ the ecological system of  the Florida Everglades（沼泽地）. City planners are trying to lure（诱惑） people back into the older, (4)__________ (developed) eastern  section of the region by funneling growth in that direction and away from the  western section.

City planners also plan and  develop new communities. These communities, called new cities or new towns,  (5)__________ (include) both places to live and places to work. New cities,  such as Brazil's capital Brasilia, a community founded in 1900, (6)  __________ be constructed far from existing cities. Such cities are designed  with enough facilities and job opportunities for all residents. (7)__________  (build) completely new cities is very costly, however, Brasilia and Canberra,  Australia, are two examples of the few new cities that have ever been  completed.

New towns are different from new  cities (8)_________  __________ they  are built within commuting distance of large cities. They may also be planned  communities within a city. New towns provide jobs for many of their  residents, but they also rely on neighboring cities for jobs. Two of the  first new towns (9)__________ (build) in the United States were Columbia,  Maryland, and Reston, Virginia. At the end of the 20th century,  (10)__________ estimated 100 new towns were planned or under construction in  the United States.

【答案】is expected|where|to|less  developed|include|will|Building|so|that|built|an

语法点解析：

代词的用法注意点：

（1）反身代词

反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy,  introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语，还可以作主语或宾语的同位语，可译作“亲自，本人”，但不能作主语。

（2）指示代词

指示词有this, that, these, those, such等。注意以下4点：

(1)  this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”，可与here连用；that,  those是时间或空间上的“远指”，可与there连用。

(2) 指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。

(3) 打电话时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。

(4)  this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么”，相当于so，作状语。

（3）疑问代词

疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose等。用法要点如下：

(1)what除可用来询问人的身份外，一般指物；which可指人也可指物；who, whom, whose一般指人。

(2)有一定范围时，用which，意为“(其中的)哪一个”，可接表范围的of短语；没有一定的范围时，用what，意为“什么”，不能接of短语。

（4）不定代词：

①none既可指人也可指物，可与of短语连用；而no one (=nobody)只能指人，也不能与of短语连用。

②复合不定代词：由every-, some-, any-, no- 与-thing,  -one, -body等构成的不定代词。注意以下几个问题：

A. 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。

B. 含-thing的，用it代替；含-body, -one的，一般用they代替，在正式文体中可用he。

C. 修饰复合不定代词的形容词要位于后面。如：something important重要的事。

D.  something, somebody/someone, anything还可作名词，意为“重要的事情(或人物)”。如：His wife is now somebody in television.他的妻子现在是电视界的大人物了。

（5）it的用法

①替代前面提到的同一事物。

②替代前面整句话的内容。如：

When  the factory closes, it will mean 500 workers will be out of work. 工厂一旦关闭，那就意味着要有500工人失业。

③指动物、婴儿，或在情景中确认的某人。

④指时间、距离、气候、环境等。

⑤作形式主语或形式宾语。

⑥用于it  is…that…强调结构中。

【例题精讲】

例1.A smile costs__________ , but  gives much. 答案】nothing

例2.Shopping on the Internet  enables people not to search for goods from one store to__________ .

【答案】another

例3.The story conveys a strong  message,__________ that will hopefully touch all who read it.

【答案】one

例4.Studying Wendy's menu, I found  that many of the items are similar to__________ McDonald's.

【答案】those

例5. However much I tried to  reason with my mother, she insisted things are different when I am home, and  that they were the  __________  paying my bills.

【答案】ones

例6.Many researchers claim to have  found relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental  characteristics. However, __________   of these connections are very weak, and others have not been proven.

【答案】some