2019年高考广州一模英语试题及答案

D

Both honeybees and ants are social insects that live in groups called colonies. They survive by means of their collective intelligence. Their decision-making power is distributed throughout the group; that is, no one ant or bee makes decisions for the group. Instead, they work together. As Deborah M. Gordon,a biologist at Stanford University, says," Ants aren't smart. Ant colonies are."

The same is true for bee colonies. Although bees and ants are quite different physically, they have a lot in common in terms of their social behavior. Specifically, honeybees and ants have similar roles within the colony, both have communication systems, and both have the capacity for learning.

Ants communicate by using chemicals called pheromones, which can alert others to danger or to a food source. For example, when worker ants find a promising source, they let the rest of the colony know how to find it by leaving a trail of pheromones on the way back to the colony. The other ants pick up the message using their sense of smell. Bees, on the other hand, use movement to communicate with each other. Worker bees send messages to each other by means of a "dance". Different speeds and movements send different messages. For example, when worker bees called scouts go out to find a new home for the colony, they return and do a dance for the other worker bees that indicates the location of the new home and how suitable it is. The faster the scouts dance, the better the new location is.

Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning. One Chinese study found that bees can be trained to learn and remember a route to a food source. The researchers also found that bees can be taught to recognize hidden objects and use the concepts of "sameness" and" difference"to accomplish certain tasks. Ants take this one step further. Recent American research has shown that ants not only have the ability to learn, but also can teach their foraging skills to other younger ants.

They observed that older ants accompany young ants in search of food and teach them the route and how to avoid obstacles.

As we can see, the social behavior of honeybees and ants is quite similar. Both coordinate complex actions and accomplish crucial survival tasks by cooperating in groups consisting of many individuals. Unintelligent as they may be as individuals, as groups they often show amazing brilliance as they go about their everyday activities.

32.What do ants and bees have in common?

A. They live in similar-sized colonies.

B. They make use of collective intelligence.

C. They have small leadership groups that make all decisions.

D. They use the same methods to communicate with each other.

33.What does the speed of a bee's dance indicate?

A. The quality of a new colony location.B. The distance to a neighboring colony.

C. The discovery of a new food source.D. The direction to a potential food source.

34.In paragraph 3.how does the author demonstrate the idea that Honeybees and ants are both capable of learning ?

A. By using statistics.B. By explaining reasons.

C. By referencing opinions.D. By presenting study findings.

35.What is the benefit of collective intelligence?

A. It allows the colony to reproduce more rapidly.

B. It improves work cooperation within the colony.

C. It reduces the division of labour among members.

D. It enables individuals to teach each other new skills.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分, 满分10分）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余

What happens when you want to go from one place to another, but there's water in the way？

That's the problem people faced for hundreds of years in the area that is now New York City. In the city, there is a natural canal called the Narrows, separating Brooklyn on one side from Staten Island on the other.

But the Narrows isn't really so narrow. The water is almost a mile wide, and it's more than 100 feet deep. 36 When they wanted to talk to each other, they climbed into their boats and sailed across.

By the late 1800s, circumstances had changed dramatically. Population growth meant there were now many people needing to travel between Staten Island and Brooklyn for work. 37

Between 1888 and 1920 there were two major efforts to build a train tunnel to connect the areas. 38 Proposals to build a connecting bridge made during the 1910s also ended in failure due to opposition from the US Navy.

Finally, after World War Il, there were so many people living in New York City that leaders decided Brooklyn and Staten Island needed a direct connection. Since tunnels were too expensive, they decided to build a bridge. The design selected had two separate roadways stacked on top of each other. 39 Construction, which took five years, was completed in 1964 and cost $320 million. Today about 190,000 cars and trucks cross the bridge every day.

40 But in the case of the Narrows, figuring out a good solution took hundreds of years.

A.Sometimes getting from one place to another is easy.

B.Both were quickly abandoned however due to the high costs involved.

C.Neither road was large enough to satisfy the existing transport demands.

D.It was anticipated that the new train system would help the areas grow even faster.

E.Taking a boat every time was very slow, expensive and, in bad weather, unreliable.

F.Both would hang in the air from thick steel cables, supported by two giant steel towers.

G. For a long time that wasn't a problem, because only a few people lived in Brooklyn and Staten Island.