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完型填空应试技巧

来源：未知 发布时间：2009-03-31 00:00:00 查看次数：
内容提要：完形填空是一种测试学生语言水平和实际运用语言能力的综合性题型， 它要求学生掌握词汇知识，习惯用语， 语法知识，句法结构， 而且要有一定的语篇领悟能力，逻辑思维能力和语言感悟能力，在考试中可以说是综合了现行的单选和阅读的考察。
 
Law should not restrict (限制) where people can smoke. As far as I am concerned, any arguments that say smoking affects the health of nonsmokers are based on emotions (感情) ， not science. As a matter of fact, there is no conclusive evidence to prove that the health of wives and children of smokers is harmed by their husbands or fathers smoking. Banning smoking in public places, like restaurants and offices, only cause loss of income and lower productivity. It also, I believe, unfairly restricts people’s freedom of choice. Naturally, this is an issue that arouses a lot of anger on the part of a lot of people, but clearly, anger should not dictate laws. The decision of where and when to smoke, should, in my opinion, be left to common courtesy(礼貌） and sense（理智）.
eg.  I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new __44__, dressed neatly.
44. A. roommate   B. classmate   C. neighbour     D. companion
 
eg.  And thousands of __58__ watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.
58. A. patient    B. terrified   C. pleased   D. enjoyable
 
eg.   We were __42__ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, …
42. A. about      B. able    C. sorry     D. sure
 
eg.   One day, Mrs. Nanette O'Neill gave an arithmetic __26___ to our class. When the papers were __27_ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the (same) mistakes throughout the test.
26. A. test   B. problem   C. paper    D. lesson
27. A. examined   B. completed    C. marked   D. answered
 
5.2完形填空题的特点是篇幅小，起点高，容量大。按一般的命题要求，完形填空题所采用的短文一般不给标题，但首句往往不设空，通常是个完整的句子，这个句子不容忽视，它往往是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，（topic sentence)它是了解全文的窗口，常常包含对解题有用的信息，由此句可判断文章的大意乃至主题。因此，考生要充分利用完形填空题首句的提示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，从而展开思维，争取开局顺利。
eg.   (NMET 2001) 首句：He has been called the “missing link”:   half-man, half beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world Mount Everest.
     文章的开篇段描述了 “missing link” 的外貌和生活地，读懂第一句我们就可确定说明的对象是半人半兽的动物，有助于预测全文的基本框架和内容。
 
eg. I was six when I joined my father and two elder brothers at sunrise in the fields of Eufaula, Okla. 36 the time I was eight I was helping Dad fix up old furniture. He gave me a cent for every nail I 37  out of old board.
36.  A. Before     B. Within        C. From       D. By
37.  A. pulled     B. put           C. picked     D. pressed
 
5.3对语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的命题角度之一。考生对一些基础的语法、词法知识等的欠缺或掌握不牢也容易造成误选。对于这种题，考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系，更要针对性地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填词在句子里作什么成分、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用等一系列问题。因此调动语法知识解题在完形中是必要的，它包括根据固定句型和词，尤其是动词的固定搭配来选择答案，或运用代词的上下文替代作用。例如：
eg.   (NMET 2001) 首句：He has been called the “missing link”:  half-man, half beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world Mount Everest.
     文章的开篇段描述了 “missing link” 的外貌和生活地，读懂第一句我们就可确定说明的对象是半人半兽的动物，有助于预测全文的基本框架和内容。
eg.  1   my way home yesterday, I saw a dog in front  2   me.
    1.   A. In       B. Of       C. On          D. To
    2.   A. of       B. to       C. from        D. before
eg. Everyday after school I would 41  to JM’s and work until ten. (NMET 2003 北京）
    41.  A. head     B. turn      C. change      D. move
head for/ to 是一个固定词组，表示前往，去。
 
eg. At the beginning of this century, medical scientists made an interesting discovery: we are built not just of flesh and blood but also of time. They were ___to show that we all have a “body clock”. (NMET2000)
    A. anxious   B. able    C. change    D. move
 
eg. Should the small change received at the store be forgotten or returned? Nobody will know except ___. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect.
     A. me             B. you        C. us          D. them
此题根据下文的主语you判断，只能选B。
 
eg. …a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for ___ purpose.
    A. their       B. its        C. those         D. that
本句从反面说明剧院设计应符合空间的作用，四个选项中只有its指代单数名词theater。
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