形容词、副词讲义要点

四：比较级和最高级
1. 构成 ：
大部分双音节词、加 后缀构成的词（如slowly, useful）、源于分词的形容词（如tired）、所有的多音节词，加more构成比较级，加the most构成最高级， 副词的最高级可省去the.请注意：作表语的形容词最高级前，如果不是和别人、他物相比，常不加the.
eg. We are busiest on Monday.
2．修饰比较级、最高级的程度词
1) even / still / rather
much / far/  a lot/ a great  deal     ＋比较级
a little/ a bit
We are working still harder now.  现在我们工作更加努力。
2) 数词+ 名词＋比较级
eg. He is two inches taller than his father. 
他比他爸爸高两英寸。(或说He is taller than his father by two inches. )
She could not take a step further.  她一步也不能走了。
3) 比较级＋by far
在前面，应在二者中间加“ the”．如: He is taller by far than his brother.
                                             He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
4) the second/ third       ＋最高级
  by far
    3. 无比较级和最高级的形容词
有些形容词本身含义无程度差别,因此没有比较级和最高级．常见 的有：right, wrong, perfect, possible, impossible, mistaken, dead, favourite等。这些词不能被程度副词修饰，但可以被quite(完全地)，completely等修饰。eg. quite right/ impossible，　completely dead.
4. 和冠词连用
the ＋形容词原级＋v(复)，指一类人或物
the ＋　形容词比较级，指两者中“较…的”的那一个，eg. the younger of the two
    a/ an ＋形容词比较级eg. The pen is expensive. I want a cheaper one.
    ( a) ＋most＋形容词最高级　“非常…”　eg. a most beautiful city
5. 相关结构
1) 原级比较：肯定句 as….as…., 否定句not so / as….as…..
2) 比较句： 比较级 ＋than….或more (less) ….than…..
The furniture in this shop is less beautiful than that in that shop.(注意代词that的用法)
3) 比较级＋ and＋比较级 或 more and more＋比较级 “越来越… ”
richer and richer, more and more interesting
4) The  more….., the more…..“越…， 越…”
The more you look at the picture, the better you  will like it.
      5) 比较级＋than  any other ＋n. （单）     （适用于范围一致时）
                  (all) other ＋n.（复）
                  any ＋n.(单)  （适用于范围不一致时）
     He is taller than  any other student / all other students in his class.
                    any student in my class.
6) 倍数表达法。
A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。