三节课“玩转”高考英语七选五的“前世今生”

原创卿海银卿近英语

题记：

近段时间，年级在统一做近年高考真题定时阅读。从分析学生试卷，我发现，学生在七选五版块依然存在问题，主要表现在上下逻辑、衔接连贯和解题策略方面。如何解决这一问题呢？是等到所谓二轮复习才进行专题训练，还是发现“漏洞”，及时“打补丁”？我选择了后者。因为，高考英语复习，本身就是发现问题，解决问题的过程，也没有严格的一轮、二轮、三轮的严格界限。于是，我决定用三节课“想透、讲透、做透”七选五，“玩转”七选五的“前世今生”。分别是，第一节课，梳理七选五的高考题目分布，考查核心和解题策略，并精讲七选五涉及的语篇知识（结合阅读和写作），然后让学生进行当场训练，矫正答案，并让学生用所学知识和方法自主讲解。另外两节课，让学生进行七选五高考真题的专题训练、小组探讨。下面，将这三节课的授课内容和学案分享于后，仅供各位同仁参考！

一、高考考点梳理

二、语篇知识精讲

‍

三、句际关系的类型

1. 并列关系

指两个或两个以上句子处于同等、并列的地位，它们互不从属，在内容上表示客观同时并存的事物或现象，共同说明一个话题。

2. 对应关系

指两个或两个以上句子的部分词语在概念上相互对应。

The man's face turned with anger. He kicked the boy at the door angrily. The boy stopped laughing and gotangrytoo.

3. 顺序关系

指两个或两个以上句子根据动作或状态的先后发展顺序排列。

The hungry lion rushed in. He gathered himself for a spring, but stopped short when he saw Androcles. Androcles gave a great cry-- not of fear, but of joy.

4. 分解关系

指由一个并列句、复合句或并列复合句分解两个或更多的独立单句（各句用句号隔开）。

‍

5. 分指关系

指前一个句子中的某一成分与后一句子中的某一成分分别指称同一事物或现象。

Yesterday, a pigeoncarried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The birdcovered the distance in three minutes.

6. 重复关系

指前一个句子中的某些词语被后一个句子重复使用，从而体现出两个句子之间在构成上的关系。

You want to know why I'm leaving? I am leavingbecause I'm fed up.

7. 转折关系

句与句之间如果存在着句意由一个方向转向另一个方向，那这种句际关系就称为转折关系。

I got very angry. I failed the exam last month. I turned to students for help. They were too busy.

8. 解释关系

指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释、引申、例证，使意义更加具体、明了。

I bought a car yesterday. My wife did not enjoy it. It was white and the shape was ugly.

9. 因果关系

因果关系也是一种解释关系，句际间的因果关系若不用连接语表示，那这种因果关系常常是含蓄的(implicit)。

1. Pavel was arrested. That day Mother did not light the stove.

2. Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last week he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station.

3. You’d better form a habit of working out regularly. Itis good for your health.

Why should you work out regularly?

You’d better form a habit of working out regularly, for it is good for your health.

Practice（排序）:

1. I got very angry.

2. I had a very good seat.

3. They did not pay any attention.

4. I could not hear the actors.

5. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.

6. They were talking loudly.

7. I looked at the man and the woman angrily.

8. Last week I went to the theater.

9. I turned round.

10. The play was very interesting.

11. I did not enjoy it.

Last week I went to the theater. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention.

（注：以上部分节选自《语篇分析概要》一书）

四、课堂巩固练习

（2017年全国3卷）Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock 36 Here’s how to make one.

● 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why it's important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reason, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make.

● Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 That’s a quarter-hour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer.

● Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you’re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 39

● Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After you’ve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.

A. Get a sleep specialist.

B. Find the right motivation.

C. A better plan for sleep can help.

D. And consider setting a second alarm.

E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.

F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.

G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the café to get coffee.

This Way to Dreamland

（2015年北京卷）Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.

But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?

So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?

First, understand that some opportunities (机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.

It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 74

Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75

Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.

A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.

B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.

C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.

D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.

E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.

F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.

G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.

五、七选五专题训练

（2014年全国新课标1卷）1

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

1. Curiosity

Your children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time ?” and then try them out. Ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?

2. Creativity

True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.

3. Personal skills

Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 39 “Why do you think she’s crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”

4. Self Expression

40 there are many ways to express thoughts and ideas –music, acting, drawing,building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

（2014年全国新课标2卷）2

Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time, 36 Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:

1.Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready? 37

2.Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 38 it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.

3. 39 This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.

Hopefully that gives you a good start. 40 and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!

A. Try new things.

B. Ability is easily improved.

C. Make three or four instead.

D. Understand your food better.

E. Cooking is a burden for many people.

F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.

G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.

（2014年北京卷）3

Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information

Making good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Resonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71

Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determin whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 72

Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

Use your common sense. Ifa report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).

75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A. Make choice that are right for you.

B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D. And examine the findings of the original research.

E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.

G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

（2015年全国新课标1卷）4

Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 . That is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore, 37 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

l 38 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

l 39 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

l You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

（2015年全国新课标2卷）5

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.

During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.

A.After six days

B.For a good marathon runner

C.Before you begin your training

D.With each day, increase the distance by a half mile

E.If they still feel good, you can begin running in them

F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training

G.Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time

（2016年全国新课标1卷）6

Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

38 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. Itis very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other word.
G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

（2016年全国新课标2卷）7

A garden that’s just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

● 37

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.

●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 39 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.

A. Know why you garden

B. Find a good place for your own garden

C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters

D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too

G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have

（2017年全国新课标1卷）8

If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36 .

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 37 We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor`s bill for my son`s food poisoning.

I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.

38 Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.

39 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.

40 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.

A. This time there was no tent.

B. Things are going to be improved.

C. The trip they took me on was a rough one.

D. I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.

E. I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.

G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.

（2017年全国新课标2卷）9

Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 , there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.

37 . Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.

When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 . It can help to eliminate (消除) future interruptions.

When you need to talk to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.

If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter, excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint (暗示) that when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.

A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no

B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work

C. Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goes

D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area

E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available

F. It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt you

G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not

（2018年全国1卷）10

Color is fundamental in home design – something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.

Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.

38 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.

Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.

The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .

A. While all of them are useful

B. Whatever you’re looking for

C. If you’re experimenting with a color

D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with

E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces

F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time

G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways

（2018年全国2卷）11

If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.

Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.

There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.

A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep you head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up.

（2018年全国3卷）12

Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.

36 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.

“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dancing is wonderful. 37 It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.”

38 “I can tell you about one young couple, ” says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 39 ”

So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 40 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive. ”

A. So why do we dance?

B. Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.

C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.

D. My older students say it makes them feel young.

E. I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.

F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.

G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.

后记：

教师深入研究的意义，或许在于让学生学习效率和效益最大化，用最短时间通过现象看本质，深刻洞悉试题背后本质规律和命题意图，看清试题前世今生，明晰解题思路、策略与方向，为学生节约宝贵的高三复习时间。教师跳入题海，学生才能跳出题海。教师拨开云雾，学生才能豁然开朗。

继续滑动看下一个