语法填空解题技巧
1、 有提示词
1)形容词/副词
括号中给出形容词或副词,考查其原级比较级最高级。注意比较级有+er的,加more的,还有加less的。
2)动词
谓语动词:看句子有没有连词,若无连词,则要有1个谓语动词,有1个连词,则句子应该有2个谓语动词,2个连词应该有3个谓语动词,若缺少则所给动词就是谓语动词;此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况)
非谓语动词:若句中已有谓语动词,且无连词,或谓语动词数量满足“连词+1”的情况则所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。
不定式to do表将来,常考作宾语、目的状语;
动名词doing 表习惯性动作,可作主宾表定状补,常考作主语、宾语;
现在分词doing 表主动、进行,可作主宾表定,常考作表语、定语、状语;
过去分词done表被动、完成,可作表定状补,常考作表语、定语、状语。
2、无提示词
1)冠词
表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an,表示特指时用the。
2)介词
句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前面,一定是填介词。
常用介词:in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with,
3)代词
当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时,填代词。前后看,是指人、事物;指男、指女,单数、复数;还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况,反身代词不能做主语,可做宾语和同位语情况等)
4)情态动词和助动词
若结构较完整,空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形,一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。
5)从属连词
若两句之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一般填从属连词。
6)并列连词
若两个或三个单词、短语或句子之间设空,可能是填并列连词。
并列连词:and, but, or, so, for, yet, then, however, therefore, while, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but
3、词形转换
词形转换是高考语法填空的一个重点。在解答语法填空中词形转换的相关题目时,一要根据空处在句中所作的成分确定词性:名词在句中常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等,动词作谓语与非谓语,形容词作表语、定语,副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;二要根据标志词及语境确定比较级;三要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语以及主谓一致原则来确定名词的单复数。
实战演练
(精选各地10篇名校真题)
(2022秋·湖南永州·高一统考期末)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is known to all that exercise has a range of health benefits. The fact is the ____1____(inspire) behind some people’s assumption that if some exercise is good, more is always better. So they tend ____2____ (exercise) for a long time without stopping. For example, some people run for several hours at a time and some work out for hours at the weekend to make up ____3____ their lack of exercise during the weekdays. ____4____, these may become a serious health risk. Recently, several surveys ____5____ (make) to know that over 80% of people got injured when doing exercises. Actually, aerobic routines ____6____ last over 100 minutes have a certain health risk. On the other hand, they should not be ____7____ (short) than 10 minutes. If you do exercise for only a few minutes, you may not be working out long enough to see any benefits from it. When doing exercise, 30 to 60 minutes ____8____ (seem) enough for the daily aim. This will prevent you from ____9____ (get) hurt. Moreover, it will ensure that the exercise you do can _____10_____ (positive) affect your physical health.
【答案】
1.inspiration 2.to exercise 3.for 4.However 5.have been made 6.that/which 7.shorter 8.seems 9.getting 10.positively
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度运动是有健康风险的,并给出了适当的锻炼时长。
1.考查名词。句意:事实上,这是一些人假设的灵感,如果一些锻炼是好的,更多总是更好。定冠词the修饰名词,空处需填名词inspiration,是不可数名词。故填inspiration。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:所以他们倾向于长时间不间断地锻炼。tend to do sth.为固定用法,意为“倾向于做某事”,空处需填动词不定式作宾语。故填to exercise。
3.考查介词。句意:例如,有些人一次跑几个小时,有些人在周末锻炼几个小时来弥补他们在工作日缺乏的运动。make up for为固定短语,意为“弥补”。故填for。
4.考查副词。句意:然而,这些可能会成为严重的健康风险。上文提到“有些人在周末锻炼几个小时来弥补他们在工作日缺乏的运动”,下文提到“这些可能会成为严重的健康风险”,上下文之间形成转折关系,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填However。
5.考查动词时态语态。句意:最近,几项调查表明,超过80%的人在做运动时受伤。根据时间状语“recently”可知,此处为现在完成时,主语several surveys和make为被动关系,需用被动语态,主语为复数名词,助动词用have。故填have been made。
6.考查定语从句。句意:事实上,持续超过100分钟的有氧运动有一定的健康风险。空处引导定语从句,先行词aerobic routines指物,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词that或者which引导。故填that/which。
7.考查形容词比较级。句意:另一方面,他们不应该少于10分钟。根据空后的than可知,此处使用形容词比较级shorter。故填shorter。
8.考查动词时态。句意:当做运动时,30到60分钟似乎足够了。此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语30 to 60 minutes为一个时间段,作为一个整体,看作单数,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填seems。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:这样可以防止你受伤。prevent sb. from doing sth.为固定短语,意为“阻止某人做某事”,空处需填动名词作宾语。故填getting。
10.考查副词。句意:此外,它将确保你所做的运动对你的身体健康有积极的影响。修饰动词affect需用副词作状语。故填positively。
(2022秋·江苏无锡·高一统考期末)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Double Ninth Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese calendar. In Chinese folklore, the number nine is ___11___ largest number, homophonic (谐音的) to the Chinese word jiu, ___12___ means “health and longevity (长寿)”. The Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, which ___13___ (be) in effect since 2013, clearly states that every year’ s Double Ninth Festival is a legal festival for senior citizens.
___14___ (climb) mountains was a custom to pray for blessings on the day in ancient times. Nowadays, the custom has ___15___ (gradual) mixed with some other outdoor exercises, including tai chi, qigong and square dancing. People would also admire the ___16___ (beautiful) of chrysanthemums (菊花), drink wine ___17___ eat Chongyang cakes on that day. Chrysanthemums symbolize longevity. So, people pick fresh chrysanthemums ___18___ (make) chrysanthemum wine every year during the festival, which the ancients regarded as an auspicious (吉祥的) wine for clearing away heat detoxifying (排毒) and prolonging life. The Chongyang cake is a festive cake, usually made of flour, brown sugar, fruits and nuts, meaning “making steady progress”.
Though people today don’t observe all the traditional ___19___ (custom), it’ s still the festival to respect the elders. Thanks to social care from their surroundings, the Double Ninth Festival is gaining ____20____ (popular), and a growing number of seniors have begun to pay more attention to their later years.
【答案】
11.the 12.which 13.has been 14.Climbing 15.gradually 16.beauty 17.and 18.to make 19.customs 20.popularity
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统节日——重阳节的由来以及风俗。
11.考查冠词。句意:在中国民间传说中,数字9是最大的数字,与中文单词“久”谐音,意思是“健康和长寿”。修饰形容词最高级用定冠词the。故填the。
12.考查定语从句。句意:在中国民间传说中,数字9是最大的数字,与中文单词“久”谐音,意思是“健康和长寿”。这里为非限制性定语从句的关系词,先行词为“the Chinese word jiu”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
13.考查时态。句意:2013年开始实施的《老年人权益保障法》明确规定,每年的重阳节是老年人的法定节日。这里为从句的谓语动词,根据时间状语“since 2013”可知,从句时态为现在完成时;主语为which,代指“The Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly”,单数,所以助动词用has。故填has been。
14.考查非谓语动词。句意:登高是古时候祈福的习俗。这里为非谓语动词担当主语用动名词;出现在句首,首字母大写。故填Climbing。
15.考查副词。句意:如今,这一习俗逐渐融入了其他一些户外运动,包括太极、气功和广场舞。担当句子的状语修饰动词,用副词形式。故填gradually。
16.考查名词。句意:人们还会在这一天欣赏菊花,喝酒,吃重阳糕。根据空前的the以及空后的of可知,空处为名词形式。故填beauty。
17.考查连词。句意:人们还会在这一天欣赏菊花,喝酒,吃重阳糕。空前的“admire the ___6___ (beautiful) of chrysanthemums (菊花), drink wine”以及空后的“eat Chongyang cakes”为并列关系。故填and。
18.考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,人们每年在节日期间采摘新鲜菊花制作菊花酒,古人认为这是一种清热解毒和延年益寿的吉祥酒。这里为非谓语动词担当目的状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to make。
19.考查名词的数。句意:虽然今天的人们并不遵守所有的传统习俗,但这仍然是一个尊敬长辈的节日。根据空前的不定代词all可知,空处为可数名词复数形式作宾语。故填customs。
20.考查名词。句意:由于周围的社会关怀,重阳节越来越受欢迎,越来越多的老年人开始更多地关注他们的晚年。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词担当宾语。故填popularity。
(2022春·广西南宁·高一南宁三十六中校考期末)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing Opera or Peking opera is a form of Chinese opera ___21___ (include) music, vocal (声乐的) performances, dance and so on. It ___22___ (appear) in the late 18th century and became ___23___ (full) developed and recognised by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in ___24___ Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded ___25___ one of the cultural treasures of China. Major performance troupes (戏班子) are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. Also ___26___ (preserve) in Taiwan, the art form is still of great ___27___ (important) to people there.
___28___ (performer) of Peking Opera use the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive. Above all else, the skill of actors and actresses ___29___ (judge) according to the beauty of their movements.
The music of Beijing Opera can be divided into the Xipi (西皮) and Erhuang (二黄) styles. The repertoire (全部曲目) of Beijing Opera includes over 1,400 works, ____30____ are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.
【答案】
21.including 22.appeared 23.fully 24.the 25.as 26.preserved 27.importance 28.Performers 29.is judged 30.which
【导语】本文是说明文,介绍了中国戏曲的一种形式——京剧,它结合了音乐、有声表演、哑剧表演、舞蹈、杂技等多种表演形式,是中华文化的瑰宝。
21.考查介词。句意:京剧是中国歌剧的一种形式,包括音乐、声乐表演、舞蹈等。此处应用介词including和后面的名词短语,一起作后置定语,修饰a form of Chinese opera,故填including。
22.考查时态。句意:它出现在18世纪晚期,并在19世纪中期得到充分发展和认可。此处在句中作谓语,由“in the late 18th century”可知,句子时态用一般过去时,空格处用过去式,appear为不及物动词,无被动,故填appeared。
23.考查副词。句意:它出现在18世纪晚期,并在19世纪中期得到充分发展和认可。空格处用副词修饰形容词developed,full的副词是fully,意为“充分地”,故填fully。
24.考查定冠词。句意:这种形式在清朝宫廷非常流行,并已被视为中国的文化瑰宝之一。此处特指清朝的宫廷,前面要加定冠词the,故填the。
25.考查介词。句意:这种形式在清朝宫廷非常流行,并已被视为中国的文化瑰宝之一。be regarded as是固定短语,意为“被认为是……”,因此空格处用介词as,故填as。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意:这种艺术形式也保存在台湾,对那里的人们来说仍然非常重要。句中谓语是is,空格处用非谓语动词,art form和preserve之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,在句中作状语,故填preserved。
27.考查名词。句意:这种艺术形式也保存在台湾,对那里的人们来说仍然非常重要。great是形容词,修饰名词,important的名词是importance,是不可数名词,be of great importance意为“非常重要”,故填importance。
28.考查名词的复数。句意:京剧演员在动作中使用语言、歌曲、舞蹈和战斗技巧,这些动作具有象征意义和暗示性。通篇时态是一般现在时,由use是原形可知,主语performer要用复数,位于句首的单词首字母要大写,故填Performers。
29.考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:最重要的是,男女演员的技巧是根据他们动作的美来判断的。“the skill of actors and actresses”和judge之间是逻辑动宾关系,通篇时态是一般现在时,因此空格处句子用一般现在时的被动语态,即is/are done,主语skill是单数,因此空格处是is judged。故填is judged。
30.考查定语从句。句意:京剧剧目包括1400多部作品,这些作品基于中国历史、民间传说,并越来越多地基于当代生活。分析可知,空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词works(作品)是物,因此空格处用关系代词which引导定语从句,故填which。
(2022秋·山西太原·高一太原市进山中学校校考期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Balesin Island lies in Lamon Bay, about 60 nautical miles east of Manila, ____31____ capital of the Philippines.
My family and I recently visited the small island, ____32____ is open for members only. The island is known ____33____ its slogan (标语): “Balesin, the most unique in the world.” What makes it so special? You can experience many ____34____ (difference) cultures and cuisines (菜肴) from around the world on one island.
Balesin Island is home to villas (别墅) representing several ____35____ (place), including the Greek island of Mykonos. Depending upon which villa you visit, the food and architecture make you feel like you’re in Bali, Tuscany, or the Greek island of Mykonos. There are also some stand-alone restaurants, ____36____ (offer) such choices as German, Japanese, Korean, and Mongolian food.
Most of the food ____37____ (serve) at the restaurants is grown on the island. Activities include bird watching, boating, fishing, gardening, and horseback riding.
J. J. Fernandez, a ____38____ (tour), said that she fell in love with the island during ____39____ (she) visit. Being on Balesin, she _____40_____ (add), is like “traveling around the world in just three days.”
【答案】
31.the 32.which 33.for 34.different 35.places 36.offering 37.served 38.tourist 39.her 40.added
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了菲律宾最美私人岛屿——巴莱辛岛。
31.考查冠词。句意:巴莱辛岛位于菲律宾首都马尼拉以东约60海里的拉蒙湾。特指菲律宾的首都,用定冠词the。故填the。
32.考查定语从句。句意:我和我的家人最近去了这个小岛,它只对会员开放。句中先行词为the small island,在非限定性定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
33.考查介词。句意:该岛因其口号而闻名:“巴莱辛,世界上最独特的。” be known for因……而众所周知。故填for。
34.考查形容词。句意:在一座岛上,你可以体验到世界各地不同的文化和美食。名词cultures and cuisines前形容词修饰。故填different。
35.考查名词的数。句意:巴莱辛岛是代表几个地方的别墅的家园,包括希腊的米科诺斯岛。place为可数名词,形容词several后接名词的复数形式。故填places。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意:还有一些独立的餐厅,提供德国、日本、韩国和蒙古菜等选择。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语restaurants与offer之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填offering。
37.考查非谓语动词。句意:餐馆里供应的大部分食物都是在岛上种植的。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。名词food与serve之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填served。
38.考查名词。句意:游客J. J. Fernandez说,她在参观期间爱上了这座岛。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填tourist。
39.考查代词。句意:游客J. J. Fernandez说,她在参观期间爱上了这座岛。名词visit前用形容词性物主代词。故填her。
40.考查时态。句意:她补充说,在巴莱辛,就像“在短短三天内环游世界”。陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填added。
(2022秋·广东广州·高一广州市第七十五中学校考期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Do you know the place Jinli? It’s a street ____41____ (lie) in Chengdu, Sichuan. The street has a long history and is rich ____42____traditional Chinese culture.
The street is about 550 meters long. You can see some ancient-style ____43____ (building) along the well-known street. Years ago, Jinli ____44____ (view) as the “National Top Ten City Commercial Pedestrian Street (商业步行街)”. Each year, a large number of travelers come to the street to enjoy____45____ (they), especially during the Spring Festival.
There are many restaurants ____46____special snacks are offered. In this street, you’ll be attracted by local snacks, which will make your mouth water. One well-known local snack is San Da Pao, which is made of rice, brown sugar, and so on. Some other____47____ (equal) attractive local snacks provided in Jinli include boiled dumplings. All of them are delicious and are waiting for you ____48____ (taste).
In addition to the delicious snacks, there are many other ____49____ (impress) attractions in Jinli. If you have time, pay _____50_____visit to this street and have fun.
【答案】
41.lying 42.in 43.buildings 44.was viewed 45.themselves 46.where 47.equally 48.to taste 49.impressive 50.a
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了成都商业步行街——锦里。
41.考查非谓语动词。句意:这是一条位于四川成都的街道。分析句子可知,“(lie) in Chengdu, Sichuan”作后置定语修饰名词street,lie是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语street之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动。故填lying。
42.考查介词。句意:这条街历史悠久,蕴含着丰富的中国传统文化。be rich in...是固定短语,意为“富于……;富有 ……”。故填in。
43.考查名词。句意:沿着这条著名的街道,你可以看到一些古建筑。分析句子可知,可数名词building在句中作宾语,结合空格前some可知,应用复数名词。故填buildings。
44.考查动词时态语态。句意:不久前,锦里被评为“全国十佳城市商业步行街”。分析句子可知,view(看待)是句中谓语动词,与主语Jinli之间是被动关系,句中有时间状语Years ago,应使用一般过去时态,又因主语Jinli是专有名词,单数概念,谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上,谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态,单数形式。故填was viewed。
45.考查代词。句意:每年,尤其是在春节期间,都会有大量的游客来到这条街上玩得尽兴。enjoy oneself是固定搭配,意为“过得快乐;玩得尽兴”,用反身代词作宾语,故填themselves。
46.考查定语从句。句意:有很多餐馆提供特别的小吃。分析句子可知,空格处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词restaurants,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,表示“在这些餐馆”,应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
47.考查副词。句意:锦里还有一些同样吸引人的当地小吃,包括水饺。根据句意,提示词修饰形容词attractive,应用副词equally,作状语,意为“同样地”。故填equally。
48.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们都很美味,等着你去品尝。wait for sb.to do...是固定搭配,意为“等某人做……”,用不定式作宾语补足语。故填to taste。
49.考查形容词。句意:除了美味的小吃,锦里还有许多其他令人印象深刻的景点。根据句意,提示词修饰名词attractions,应用形容词impressive,作定语,意为“给人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。
50.考查冠词。句意:如果你有时间,去这条街逛逛,玩得开心点。pay a visit to...是固定短语,意为“访问,参观”。故填a。
(2022秋·陕西汉中·高一校联考期末)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
To a certain extent, we can hardly live without the Internet. So far, the Internet __51__(bring)us great convenience. __52__, it also raises all sorts of questions. When surfing the Internet, how can we protect __53__(we)? How can we use the Internet responsibly? The followings may show you how to live in the digital world.
Above all, you should use the Internet in a safe way. You must always be careful about which sites __54__(trust). One wrong click may damage your computer and remove all your computer files! Therefore, before __55__(visit)a web page, always check for signs that warn people of danger. Another tip is to keep your __56__(person) information private, including your phone number, address and email account.
You also need to show respect when you are communicating __57__other online users. Leave comments politely and treat others the way you would like to be ___58___(treat). Though today online users are __59__(nice)and more friendly than before, there might be some users who still make you feel uncomfortable online. In such cases, be aware that you always have the right to say no and cut off contact. Remember that relationships you establish in the digital world are just __60__same as those you have in real life.
【答案】
51.has brought 52.However/Nevertheless 53.ourselves 54.to trust 55.visiting 56.personal 57.with 58.treated 59.nicer 60.the
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对如何在网络世界中生活提出了建议。
【详解】1. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,互联网给我们带来了很大的方便。根据时间状语“So far”可知,此处应用现在完成时。主语Internet为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has brought。
2. 考查副词。句意:然而,它也引起了各种各样的问题:当上网时,我们如何保护自己?“it also raises all sorts of questions”和前文构成转折关系,且空格后有逗号,所以应用连接副词however或nevertheless表示“然而”,句首单词首字母应大写。故填However/Nevertheless。
3. 考查反身代词。句意:当我们上网时,我们如何保护我们自己呢?当宾语和主语指同一人或物时,宾语要用反身代词。空处在句中作宾语,与主语we指代同一人,所以此处用反身代词ourselves,故填ourselves。
4. 考查不定式。句意:你必须始终注意哪些站点值得信任。复合结构“特殊疑问词+to do”在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。“which sites to trust”在句中作介词about的宾语。故填to trust。
5. 考查非谓语。句意:因此,在访问一个网页之前,一定要检查那些警告人们危险的标志。介词后用动名词,本句中空前before为介词,意为“在……之前”,所以空处用动名词visiting,故填visiting。
6. 考查形容词。句意:另一个方法是保持你的个人信息的私密性,包括你的电话号码、地址和电子邮件帐户。修饰名词用形容词,information“信息”为不可数名词,所以空处用形容词personal,personal information“个人信息”,故填personal。
7. 考查介词。句意:在与其他在线用户交流时,你也需要表现出尊重。短语:communicate with sb.“同某人沟通/交流”,所以空处用介词with,故填with。
8. 考查过去分词。句意:礼貌地留下评论,以你希望别人对待你的方式对待别人。would like to do“想做某事”,结合句意和空前to be,可知此处使用了不定式的被动式,所以空处用过去分词treated,故填treated。
9. 考查形容词。句意:虽然如今大多数网上用户比以前更友好,但也可能有一些用户让你在网上感到不舒服。结合空后“and more friendly than before”可知,提示词与more friendly是并列关系,应用比较级nicer,故填nicer。
10. 考查冠词。句意:记住,你在数字世界中建立的关系和你在现实生活中建立的关系是一样的。“the same as”意为“与……相同”,为固定搭配。根据句意可知,此处是指在网络中的关系和现实生活中的关系是一样的。所以此处应用冠词the。故填the。
(2022秋·辽宁沈阳·高一沈阳市第十中学校考期末)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的 词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Elephants are one of the most intelligent creatures on the earth. Across Africa they have inspired respect from people ____61____share the landscape with them, giving them strong ____62____ (culture) significance. They’re very important species, playing ____63____important role in maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystems.
During the dry season, elephants use their tusks ____64____ (dig) for water. This not only allows the elephants to survive in dry environments, but also____65____ (provide) water for other animals that share the harsh habitats.
When forest elephants eat, they create gaps in the vegetation. These gaps allow new plants to grow and create pathways for smaller animals to use. They’re also one of the major ____66____ (way) in which trees spread their seeds; some species rely ____67____(entire) upon elephants for seed spreading.
Wherever they live, elephants leave dung (粪便) that is filled ____68____ seeds from the plants they eat. When the dung gets into the soil, the seeds are sown and grow into new grasses, bushes and trees,____69____ (improve) the health of the savannah (稀树草原) ecosystem.
Sadly, we’re losing elephants worldwide, especially in Africa, due to illegal hunting. Action should _____70_____ (take) to protect this species.
【答案】
61.who/that 62.cultural 63.an 64.to dig 65.provides 66.ways 67.entirely 68.with 69.improving 70.be taken
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了大象这一物种,作为地球上最聪明的生物之一,在维护生态系统的生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用。
61.考查定语从句。句意:在整个非洲,大象受到了与它们共享风景的人们的尊重,赋予了它们强烈的文化意义。分析句子结构,此处考查限制性定语从句,修饰先行词people,指人,在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
62.考查形容词。句意:在整个非洲,大象受到了与它们共享风景的人们的尊重,赋予了它们强烈的文化意义。空后是名词significance,所以该空要填形容词,即cultural,表示“文化的”,作定语修饰名词。故填cultural。
63.考查冠词。句意:它们是非常重要的物种,在维护生态系统的生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用。根据空前提示“play”和空后提示“important role in”,该空填冠词an,构成短语play an important role in,表示“在……方面起重要作用”。故填an。
64.考查非谓语。句意:在旱季,大象用象牙挖水。分析句子结构,本句子的谓语动词是use,所以该空要填非谓语动词;由句意可知,此处应填不定式,即to dig,作目的状语。故填to dig。
65.考查时态。句意:这不仅使大象能够在干燥的环境中生存,而且还为其他共享恶劣栖息地的动物提供了水源。该句子是“not only…but also…”句型连接两个句子,空处在but also后面的句子中作谓语,,根据提示动词“allows”可知时态为一般现在时,主语This是单数,所以填provides。故填provides。
66.考查名词的数。句意:它们也是树木传播种子的主要方式之一;有些物种完全依靠大象传播种子。根据提示词“one of”,空处填名词的复数形式ways。故填ways。
67.考查副词。句意:它们也是树木传播种子的主要方式之一;有些物种完全依靠大象传播种子。分析句子结构,该空在句中作状语,修饰动词短语rely upon,所以要用其副词形式,即entirely,表示“完全,全部地”。故填entirely。
68.考查介词。句意:无论大象生活在哪里,它们都会留下粪便,里面装满了它们吃的植物的种子。根据空前提示“is filled”,该空填介词with,构成固定短语be filled with,表示“充满”。故填with。
69.考查非谓语。句意:当粪便进入土壤时,种子被播种并长成新的草、灌木和树木,从而保护了稀树草原的生态系统。分析句子结构,该空要填非谓语动词;improve的逻辑主语是前面的句子,为主谓关系,此处填现在分词improving,作结果状语。故填improving。
70.考查语态。句意:应该采取行动保护这个物种。由句意可知,主语action和动词take之间是被动关系,空前是情态动词should,所以该空要填be taken,和should一起构成情态动词的被动。故填be taken。
(2022秋·陕西渭南·高一统考期末)
阅读下面短文,在答题卡相应位置处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Sanxingdui Ruins in Southwest China’s Sichuan province, together with the Jinsha Ruins in Chengdu , will apply for World Cultural Heritage Status.
The Sanxingdui Ruins in the city of Guanghan, are thought to be one of the ____71____ (great) archeological(考古学的) finds of the 20th century. The ruins covering an area of 12 square km are believed ____72____ ( be) the remnants(遗迹) of the Shu Kingdom, dating back some 4, 800 years. The site was accidentally discovered by a farmer when he was____73____ (dig) a ditch in the 1920s. ____74____ 1986, a large number of unique relics were found in the No 1 and No 2 pits , ____75____ arouse global interest.
The discovery of Sanxingdui raised an ____76____ (importance) question about the origin of Chinese civilization( 文明). Before the 1980s, it is thought that the birthplace of Chinese civilization was ____77____ ( actual) in the Yellow River Basin in north China.
____78____, with the discovery of significant relics in the Yangtze River Basin, including Liangzhu , Shijiahe and Sanxingdui, a new ____79____ (understand) came into being. The ancient Shu civilization represented by Sanxingdui ____80____ (consider) as an important part of the origin of Chinese civilization yet.
【答案】
71.greatest 72.to be 73.digging 74.In 75.which 76.important 77.actually 78.However 79.understanding 80.has been considered
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三星堆遗址的发现经过以及重要意义。
71.考查形容词最高级。句意:位于广汉的三星堆遗址被认为是20世纪最伟大的考古发现之一。one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数,表示“最……之一”。故填biggest。
72.考查非谓语动词。句意:这个占地12平方公里的遗址被认为是蜀国的遗迹,可以追溯到大约4800年前。be believed to do固定搭配,意为“被认为做某事”。故填to be。
73.考查谓语动词。句意:这个遗址是20世纪20年代一个农民挖沟时偶然发现的。根据句意可知,此处when引导的时间状语从句,表示过去某一时刻正在做某事,应用过去进行时。故填digging。
74.考查介词。句意:1986年,在1号和2号坑中发现了大量独特的文物,引起了全球的关注。在具体某一年用介词in,单词位于句首,首字母大写。故填In。
75.考查定语从句。句意:1986年,在1号和2号坑中发现了大量独特的文物,引起了全球的关注。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子,应用关系代词which来引导,在从句中作主语。故填which。
76.考查形容词。句意:三星堆遗址的发现提出了一个关于中华文明起源的重要问题。此处应用形容词important作定语,修饰名词question,表示“重要的”。故填important。
77.考查副词。句意:20世纪80年代以前,人们认为中华文明的发祥地实际上是中国北方的黄河流域。此处应用副词actually作状语,修饰was。故填actually。
78.考查副词。句意:然而,随着良渚、石家河和 三星堆等长江流域重要文物的发现,人们对此有了新的认识。根据句意可知,上下文是转折关系,应用副词however作状语,位于句首,单词首字母大写。故填However。
79.考查名词。句意:然而,随着良渚、石家河和 三星堆等长江流域重要文物的发现,人们对此有了新的认识。此处应用名词understanding作主语,由a可知,应用单数。故填understanding。
80.考查时态和语态。句意:以三星堆为代表的古蜀文明,一直被视为中华文明起源的重要组成部分。此处在句中作谓语,由句意和yet可知,“认为”这一动作从过去开始持续到现在,应用现在完成时,其主语The ancient Shu civilization represented by Sanxingdui和动词consider之间是被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动,主语是单数。故填has been considered。
(2022秋·浙江绍兴·高一统考期末)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Shakespeare’s plays were performed at several playhouses in London, though the rebuilt Globe is certainly the one most people connect with the Bard. But the remains of one least-documented theatre, the Curtain,____81____(examine) again now, following the celebrations marking 500 years since Shakespeare’s death in April this year. The Curtain,____82____less documented, is of great importance,____83____(particular) as it was the first theatre to stage Romeo and Juliet and Henry V.
____84____(locate) in Shoreditch, the site is expected to unearth well-preserved cultural remains. As one of Shakespeare’s earliest____85____(theatre), this is a rare opportunity for archaeologists____86____(explore) the culture of the area in the 16th and 17th century, and how performances took place in this period.
Heather Knight, senior archaeologist leading the dig, said, “We hope to find out more about the building of the theatre____87____Henry V was first performed, which will give us a clearer picture of how Elizabethan playhouses were used and ____88____evolution of theatre.
“There is also the possibility of finding relics of props (道具), costumes or items used____89____the audience, including food remains or drinking vessels, which could tell us more about theatre productions and culture at the time. We look forward to _____90_____(share) our findings.”
【答案】
81.are being examined 82.though/although 83.particularly 84.Located 85.theatres 86.to explore 87.where 88.the 89.by 90.sharing
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章关于有关戏剧做的一些考古研究。
81.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:今年4月,莎翁逝世500周年纪念活动结束后,文献记载最少的剧院“帷幕”的遗迹又被重新审视。设空处为谓语,根据时间状语now,可知应用现在进行时,主语和谓语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语是the remains,谓语用复数形式,故填are being examined。
82.考查状语从句的省略。句意:“帷幕”虽然记录较少,但却非常重要,尤其是因为它是第一个上演《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《亨利五世》的剧院。分析可知,设空处引导让步状语从句,主句和从句的主语一致,并且谓语还有be动词,这时候从句可以省略主语和谓语,句子也可以还原为though/although it is less documented,故填though/although。
83.考查副词。句意:同上。设空处修饰后面的原因状语从句,所以应用副词,故填particularly。
84.考查过去分词。句意:该遗址位于肖尔迪奇,预计将发掘出保存完好的文化遗迹。设空处为非谓语动词,和主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词,句首单词首字母大写,故填Located。
85.考查名词的数。句意: 作为莎士比亚最早的剧院之一,这对考古学家来说是一个难得的机会,可以探索16和17世纪该地区的文化,以及这一时期的表演是如何进行的。设空处前有one of修饰,应用名词复数形式,故填theatres。
86.考查不定式。句意:同上。设空处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词opportunity,表目的,应用不定式,故填to explore。
87.考查定语从句。句意:这次挖掘的高级考古学家希瑟·奈特说:“我们希望能找到更多关于亨利五世第一次演出的剧院的建筑,这将让我们更清楚地了解伊丽莎白时期的剧院是如何使用的,以及戏剧的演变。”分析可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the building of the theatre,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
88.考查冠词。句意:同上。设空处修饰名词,表特指,应用定冠词,故填the。
89.考查介词。句意: 还有可能发现观众使用过的道具、服装或物品的遗迹,包括食物残渣或饮用容器,这可以告诉我们更多关于当时戏剧制作和文化的信息。 根据句意可知是被使用的,所以设空处应用介词by,故填by。
90.考查动名词。句意:我们期待着分享我们的发现。分析可知,设空处接在介词to后,应用动名词作宾语,故填sharing。
(2022秋·湖北武汉·高一武汉市新洲区第一中学校考期末)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。
According to Xinhua News Agency, the Palace Museum and Huawei signed a cooperation agreement on March 15. The two sides will set ____91____ example to 5G use.
The Palace Museum received more than 17 million visitors in 2019, ____92____ (make) it the most visited museum in the world. In the past 20 years, an office information network covering the whole museum ____93____ (build) gradually. The museum has developed an App, ____94____ provides an in-depth explanation of cultural relic information and cultural services. Also, the museum has researched on the ____95____ (apply) of VR, AR, AI in museums.
The signing of the agreement marks a new chapter in the strategic cooperation between the Palace Museum and Huawei Technologies Co. So, Huawei will make efforts ____96____(speed) up the intelligent construction of the Palace Museum.
“The 600-year-old Palace Museum has never been so close ____97____ science and technology.” Shan Jixiang said ____98____ (proud), former director of the Palace Museum.
Shan shared many ideas about the 5G Palace Museum. With the help of advanced technology, ____99____ is expected that in the future, audiences around the world will be able to experience and visit the Palace Museum, whether it is a field trip or a virtual tour. Also, the use of AI technology provides a ____100____ (broad) platform and stronger knowledge support for cultural relics among young people.
【答案】
91.an 92.making 93.has been built 94.which 95.application 96.to speed 97.to 98.proudly 99.it 100.broader
【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。故宫博物馆与华为签署了一项合作协议,博物馆开发了一款深入讲解文物信息和文化服务的App,华为将努力加强博物馆的智能建设。
91.考查冠词。句意:双方将为5G应用树立榜样。set an example to意思为:为……树立榜样,固定搭配。故填an。
92.考查非谓语动词。句意:2019年,故宫博物院共接待游客1700多万人次,成为世界上参观人数最多的博物馆。根据句意可知,空处表示前一句产生的自然而然的结果,用现在分词making作状语。故填making。
93.考查时态和语态。句意:近20年来,逐步建立起了覆盖整个博物馆的办公信息网络。根据In the past 20 years可知,句子为现在完成时,且单数主语network与build构成逻辑上的被动关系,用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been built。
94.考查定语从句。句意:故宫博物院开发了一款深入讲解文物信息和文化服务的App。分析可知,空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句,先行词为an App,指物,在从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which,故填which。
95.考查名词。句意:同时,对虚拟现实技术、增强现实技术、人工智能技术在博物馆中的应用进行了研究。冠词常放于名词前,所以此处用名词application,表示“应用”,抽象概念,不可数。故填application。
96.考查非谓语动词。句意:因此,华为将努力加快故宫博物院的智能建设。make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”是固定搭配。故填to speed。
97.考查介词。句意:“拥有600年历史的故宫博物院从未如此接近科学和技术。”前故宫博物院院长单霁翔自豪地说。短语:be close to “靠近……”,to为介词,故填to。
98.考查副词。句意:“拥有600年历史的故宫博物院从未如此接近科学和技术。”前故宫博物院院长单霁翔自豪地说。空处缺少副词作状语,修饰动词said。故填proudly。
99.考查代词。句意:在先进技术的帮助下,预计在未来,世界各地的观众将能够体验和参观故宫博物院,无论是实地考察还是虚拟参观。本句使用了it作形式主语的句式:It is expected that ...,it为形式主语,真正的主语为that从句,故填it。
100.考查形容词比较级。句意:此外,人工智能技术的使用也为年轻人的文物保护提供了更广阔的平台和更强的知识支持。 根据stronger可知,此处用形容词比较级broader,修饰名词platform。故填broader。
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