考情分析
构词法主要包括派生、合成、转化和截短缩略四大类。在近年高考中,直接体现在语法填空中的应用主要有:给出形容词提示词,填写副词或名词;给出动词,填写名词或形容词;给出名词,填写形容词。然而,构词法不仅体现在语法填空中,而是广泛分布在阅读、完形等各种题型中。掌握构词法是快速拓展词汇量,深入理解语篇的法宝。
一、语法填空
真题感悟
1. (2021年全国乙卷·61&62) It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become __________ (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the __________ (develop) of the local areas.
答案:educated; development
解析:句意:它与传统旅游不同,因为它让旅行者了解该地区的地理条件和文化特征,并经常为保护和促进当地的发展提供资金。educate与逻辑主语traveler之间是被动关系,故become后应用educated作表语,意为“受到教育的”。第二空所填单词在句中作benefits的宾语,需用develop的名词形式,且为不可数名词,故填development。
2. (2021年全国新高考Ⅰ卷·58) It will __________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
答案:undoubtedly
解析:句意:它将毫无疑问帮助你变得精力充沛起来。空格处单词修饰动词help,需填副词形式作状语,意为“毫无疑问”。
3. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·64) The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
答案:interest
解析:句意:月球背面令科学家尤其感兴趣……。此处为“be+of+n.”结构,相当于“be+adj.”,故填名词interest。
4. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·68) To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___________ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.
答案:strengthen
解析:句意:为了避免肌肉疼痛,你可以在柔软的路面上跑步,做运动来增强腿部肌肉……。空处为表示目的的不定式,“to+动词原形”,故填动词形式strengthen,意为“增强,强化”。
5. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·66) My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a __________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
答案:scientist
解析:句意:我的名字是Mireya Mayor。我是一名研究大猩猩和猴子之类的动物的科学家。根据句意及空格前的冠词a可知,此处应填名词,表示“科学家”,故填scientist。
真题再练
单句语法填空
1. (2021年全国甲卷·70) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their __________ (day) routines.
2. (2021年全国乙卷·68) Provide __________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
3. (2020年全国Ⅰ卷·62) Landing on the moon’s far side is ___________ (extreme) challenging.
4. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·61) Chinese New Year is a _____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
5. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·69) The __________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
6. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·66) ___________ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
7. (2020年全国Ⅲ卷·64) Filled with ___________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
8. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·62) It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___________ (poor) studied.
9. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·66) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___________ (believe) that populations are increasing.
10. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·63) Her years of hard work have ___________ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.
11. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·70) But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It’s ____________ (wonder).
12. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ____________ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it.
13. (2019年全国Ⅲ卷·67&68) They also shared with us many ___________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ___________ (huge) popular with tourists.
14. (2018年全国Ⅰ卷·69) Running is cheap, easy and it’s always ___________ (energy).
15. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·63) A taste for meat is ___________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
16. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·66) This switch has decreased ___________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
17. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·67) According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _______ (globe) fertilizer consumption.
18. (2017全国Ⅰ卷·69) However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes.
19. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·69) This development was only possible with the ____________ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
20. (2017全国Ⅱ卷·70) The Central London Railway was one of the most ___________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
二、语篇
真题感悟
真题再练
根据语境猜测划线词的词性和词义
【参考答案】
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