四步搞定高考英语阅读理解长难句分析长难句对于提高英语阅读水平有着非常重要的作用，本篇文章将带同学们了解如何分析长难句。01 分析方法1. 首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。2. 如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。3. 如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。4. 如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。02 注意事项1. 是否有同位语和插入语。2. 是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。3. 替代词的所指对象。4. 判断并列成分的层次。5. 句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。6. 在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。7. 非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。8. 在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。03 分析实例1. Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do good job，and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin.这些任务的结果通常都很重要，这为做好工作增加了压力，然而这些任务的复杂性使人很难知道该从何处开始和怎样开始。这是一个并列复合句。在第一个并列分句中，有一个非限制性定语从句，但它不修饰outcome，而是修饰前面的整个分句。后一并列分句中有一个复合宾语结构，用it作形式宾语，实际宾语为带有连接副词的不定式短语。2. Today it is not unusual for a student，even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer，to have $5,000 in loans(贷款) after four years—loans that he must start to repay within one year after graduation.一个学生即使在上课期间做兼职工作，在暑假期间做全职工作，四年下来他仍会欠下5,000美元学费贷款，而这笔钱必须在毕业后一年内开始偿还。这样的事现在已经是很平常了。分析本句应抓住其关键结构：it is not unusual for a student to have $5,000 in loans after four years。it是形式主语，实际主语为由for引出逻辑主语的不定式结构for a student to have $5,000 in loans after four years。这里应注意not unusual是双重否定，实际表示肯定含义。让步状语从句even if he works part time at college and full time during the summer被插在不定式结构中。破折号引出带形容词从句的同位语。由于for到句末是一个完整的内容，因此翻译中将他们连在一起，而把it is not unusual分译。3. What emerges(浮现) is a picture of an environment where the emphasis is on managing the technology as it spies on people doing their jobs，rather than promoting quality service to customers and providing a fair workplace.这就勾画出了这样一种工作环境，在这种环境中，只重视科技手段对员工工作的监视作用，而不考虑提高客户服务质量和提高公平的工作场所。本句的主谓结构是What emerges is a picture，主语What emerges本身即为一个从句。在说明picture的介词短语中还有一个定语从句修饰environment，在这个定语从句中又有一个as引导的状语从句修饰managing，介词on后有三个动词-ing形式短语作其宾语，分别为：managing，promoting和providing。4. Justice does demand that murderers be punished. And common sense demands that society be protected from them. But neither justice nor self-preservation demands that we kill men whom we have already imprisoned.正义确定要求严惩凶手。常识也要求社会受到保护不被（恶人）侵犯。但是无论正义还是自我保护都没有要求我们处死已被监禁的囚犯。第二、三两句中的第一个词均为并列连词，他们起承上启下的作用。三个句子中各有一个that引导的宾语从句，最后一句中还有一个由whom引导的、修饰men的定语从句
04 真题角度分析阅读长难句1. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. （2021宁夏银川4月质检）语法：整句话属于it is done…的主语从句句型，其中it为形式主语。拓展：It+ be +过去分词+从句 It is said that... 据说…… It is known to all that... 众所周知…… It is reported that... 据报道…… It is believed that... 据信……;人们相信…… It is suggested that... 有人建议…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It has been proved that... 已证明…….例如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.据信, 至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.It is suggested that the meeting should be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开.It is known to all that Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.词汇：(1) muscle n. 肌肉 (2) circulation n. 循环 (3) sweat v.出汗 n. 汗水(4) warm v.使暖和 adj. 温暖的翻译：人们相信这道菜有益于肌肉，减轻疼痛，改善循环，刺激出汗，温暖身体。2. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach(菠菜), are seen as “hot”，while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes(小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. （2021宁夏银川4月质检）语法：整句话是while“然而”并列的两个简单句，此处while为连词。而such as结构是对前面的food进行的修饰，表示列举。