教学素材 | 新人教版高中英语选择性必修二 UNIT3Chinese Food and Cuisine

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Chinese Cuisine

Chinese cuisine has a long history, and is one of the Chinese cultural treasures. It is as famous all over the world as French cuisine. Chinese cookery has developed and matured over the centuries, forming a rich cultural content. It is characterized by fine selection of ingredients, precise processing, particular care to the amount of fire, and substantial nourishment. Local flavours and snacks and special dishes have formed according to regions, local products, climate, historical factors, and eating habits .

中国烹饪有着悠久的历史，是中国文化的瑰宝之一。它和法国菜一样闻名于世。中国烹饪经过几个世纪的发展和成熟，形成了丰富的文化内涵。其特点是选料精细，加工精细，讲究火候，营养丰富。根据地区、当地产品、气候、历史因素和饮食习惯，形成了当地风味、小吃和特色菜肴。

There are four major local cuisine in China. Each local cuisine has its own characteristics, but Chinese cuisine as a whole is divided into four major schools-Shandong, Sichuan, Huaiyang, and Guangdong (Cantonese). Four more can be added: Hunan, Fuijian,Anhui, and Zhejiang. Sometimes Bejing and Shanghai cuisine are also counted.

中国有四大地方美食。每种地方菜都有自己的特色，但中国菜作为一个整体分为四大流派——山东、四川、淮扬和广东（广东话）。可以再增加四个：湖南、福建、安徽和浙江。有时北京菜和上海菜也算在内。

In addition, China has Special Cuisine including Palace, vegetarian, and medicinal dishes are categorized a special cuisine.

此外，中国的特色菜包括宫廷菜、素菜和药膳都属于特色菜。

China also has some local flavors and snacks.

中国也有一些当地风味和小吃。

Guangdong cuisine (Yue Cai)

Guangdong cuisine uses a great variety of ingredients such as birds, freshwater fish, snakes, and saltwater fish. It emphasizes freshness and tenderness.Representative dishes of the Guangdong cuisine are three snake dragon tigermeeting, dragon tiger phoenix snake soup, stir-fried shrimp, eight-treasurelotus-seed glutinous rice, fresh mushrooms in oyster sauce, pot-cooked soft-shelled turtle, and crisp-skin roast piglet.

粤菜使用了各种各样的食材，如鸟类、淡水鱼、蛇和咸水鱼。它强调新鲜和温柔。粤菜的代表菜有三蛇龙腾、龙虎凤蛇汤、小炒虾、八宝莲子糯米饭、蚝油鲜蘑菇、锅煮甲鱼、脆皮烤小猪。

Shandong cuisine (Lu Cai)

This cuisine uses a wide and fine selection of ingredients. The plentiful dishes are cooked in many ways. Shandong soups are most famous, and green onion is commonly used as a seasoning. Shandong cuisine is best represented by its variety of seafood dishes, such as sea cucumber braised with green onion, braised snake-head egg, crab eggs with shark's fin, Dezhou roast chicken, and walnuts in butter soup.

这道菜使用了多种精细的食材。丰富的菜肴有多种烹饪方法。山东的汤是最有名的，青洋葱是常用的调味品。鲁菜最具代表性的是其丰富多彩的海鲜菜肴，如葱烧海参、炖蛇头蛋、鱼翅蟹蛋、德州烤鸡和黄油核桃汤。

Sichuan cuisine (Chuan Cai)

Sichuan cuisine dishes are famous in China and abroad for their spicy-hot taste and the flavour of Chinese prickly ash. Sichuan cooks select their ingredients with great care, use a variety of seasonings and cook each dishes are differetly. Thus Sichuan dishes are known as a hundred dishes with a hundred tastes. Most common flavour include hot and spicy, five fragrances, mixedspices, chilli and Chinese prickly ash, and sweet and sour. Famous Sichuan dishes include spicy pork shreds, diced chicken with peanuts and vegetables,bear's paw, chicken cubes in mixed spices, bean curd with chilli and Chinese prickly ash and fried carp.

川菜以其麻辣的味道和花椒的味道而闻名中外。四川厨师用挑选食材。非常小心，使用各种调味料，每道菜都不同。因此川菜被称为百花齐放。最常见的口味包括辣、五香、杂烩、辣椒和花椒以及酸甜。四川的名菜有麻辣肉丝、花生米鸡丁、熊掌、鸡丁、花椒豆腐、鲤鱼等。

Huaiyang cuisine (Huaiyang Cai)

Huaiyang cuisine includes dishes from Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, and Huai'an in Jiangsu Province. It focuses on the freshness of ingredients. Huaiyang dishes have a light flavour, retaining the original tastes of ingredients. They also have pleasant colors and pretty shapes. Famous dishes include beggar's chicken,sweet and sour mandarin fish, chicken pieces with egg white, boiled salted duck deep-boiled crab meat in clear soup and steamed shad.

淮扬菜包括扬州、镇江和淮安的江苏菜。它注重原料的新鲜度。淮阳菜风味清淡，保留了配料的原味。它们也有令人愉快的颜色和漂亮的形状。名菜有丐帮鸡、糖醋桂鱼、蛋清鸡片、清汤煮咸杜仲蟹肉、清蒸鲱鱼等。

The traditional diet of a nation reflects the historical and cultural characteristics of a nation. China has always said that "food is the most important thing for the people". Food culture is an important part of China's excellent traditional culture and has a long history. The deepening of the process of globalization has made Chinese cuisine famous all over the world. A variety of materials, unique techniques, exquisite shapes and rich tastes are all conveying the breadth and depth of Chinese food culture to the world. The Chinese diet stresses "color, shape, fragrance". There are usually four traditional cuisines in Chinese Cuisine: Shandong cuisine, Guangdong cuisine, Sichuan cuisine and Huaiyang cuisine. These four major cuisines have their own distinctive regional characteristics.

一个民族的传统饮食反映着一个民族的历史文化特点。中国素有“民以食为天”之说。饮食文化是中国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，历史源远流长。全球化进程的深入推进使中华美食走遍世界，享誉全球。多样的选材、独到的技法、精美的造型和丰富的口感都在向世人传递中华饮食文化的博大精深。中华饮食讲究“色形香味”俱全。通常中华饮食有四大传统菜系:鲁菜、粤菜、川菜、淮扬菜。这四大菜系都具有各自鲜明的地域特点。