动词不定式用法详解+练习+答案
**动词不定式用法详解**
动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中起的是名词、形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:
一、带to的不定式结构
1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有: want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。例如:
Jim told me not to wake up Kate.
吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特。
二、不带to的不定式结构
以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:
1.在固定词组had better之后。注意:had better否定形式是had better not do sth.。
例如:
You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
2.在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役
动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
例如:
I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来。
3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。
"Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you
do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。
例如:
Why not go with us。为什么不和我们一起去呢。
Why not take a holiday。
=Why don't you take a holiday。
为什么不休个假呢。
三、动词不定式作主语
不定式结构作主语时,现代英语倾向于采用it作形式主语,而把不定式结构后置的形式。
例如： It’s difficult to learn English well. 学好英语很难。
四、动词不定式作定语
不定式作定语,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。例如:
I have nothing to say on this question.
对这个问题我无可奉告。
五、动词不定式作宾语
有的及物动词要求跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补
足语)。如果其中的宾语是不定式短语,则必须将
形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将不定式短语
(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之前。
例如:
I find it useful to learn English well.
我发现学好英语很有用。
We thought it wrong not to tell her.
我们认为不告诉她是错误的。
六、动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法
的一个重点,学习时要注意以下三种情况:
1.作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时,动词不定
式符号to不可以省略。
例如:
He asked me to talk about English study.
他请我谈谈英语学习。
2.作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to要省略。
例如:
The teacher made him say the word like this.
老师让他像这样说这个单词。
3.作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式符号to可以带,也可以不带。
例如:
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box。
你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗。
七、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。
1.放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。 例如:
He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。
2.跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面。例如:
I'm sorry to hear that.听到这事我感到很难过。
3.用在too... to...结构中。
例如:
He is too young to understand all that.
他太年轻了,不能理解这件事。
**不定式专项练习**
一. 根据句意，从方框中选出适当的词并用其恰当形式填空。
stop, protect, drive, believe, talk, |
1. It is hard that he is a CEO.
2. What should we do the environment?
3.You need about the thing with your mother.
4.More and more people begin to do something killing wild animals.
5.He has driven for 5 years. It is easy for him on the narrow road.
二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1。
1.In order to (arrive) in Beijing on time, Mr Li got up at four o’clock.
2.A good friend need to (help) you in trouble.
3.I’d advise you (drink) more water.
4.The mother made her daughter (have) meals by herself.
5.It is very nice of you (carry) the box for me.
三. 用所给动词的适当形式填空2。
1.They agreed (take) a taxi to the museum in the end.
2. I’d like Lily (dance) at the party.
3. They plan (go) to Beijing by train.
4. I’ve tried my best (work) out the problem.
5. Do you mind not (smoke) here, Sir?
6. John said he hoped (visit) China one day.
7. You don’t need (wear) thick clothes.
8. He wanted (watch) TV at home.
9. It’s interesting (read) Lao She’s works.
10. Wang Hui offered (help) his mother to do the housework this Sunday.
11. Do you have anything else (say)?
12. Let’s (walk) to the park.
13. Tom went back to school (take) his English book.
14. I often hear her (sing) in the next room.
15. We were all excited (watch) the football match between China and Japan.
四、单项选择
1.Would you please tell me next?
A. how to do B. what to do
C. what do I do D. how I should do
2.The girl wasn't to lift that bookcase.
A. too strong B. enough strong
C. strong enough D. so strong
3.For a time his grandmother found accept his new idea.
A. hard B. it hard
C. it hard to D. it is hard to
4.As she has never been there before, I'll have someone her the way.
A. show B. to show
C. showing D. showed
5.You drive slowly. The roads are wet.
A. had rather B. would rather
C. had better D. would better
6.In the old days it was difficult for the poor a job.
A. find B. to find C. look D. to look for 7.It was foolish his car unlocked.
A. for him to leave B. of him to leave
C. for him leave D. him to leave
8.Remember the newspaper when you have finished it.
A. putting back B. put back
C. to put back D. will put back
9.I have enjoyed my visit here. I'll be very sorry .
A. for leaving B. to leave
C. if leaving D. to have left
10.On our way back home, we lunch because we felt hungry.
A.stopped to have B. stop to have
C. stopped having D. stoped to have
**不定式参考答案**
一.1. to believe 2. to protect 3. (to) talk
4. to stop 5. to drive
二.1. arrive 2. help 3. to drink
4. have 5. to carry
三.1. to take 2. to dance 3. to go
4. to work 5. smoking 6. to visit
7. to wear 8. to watch 9. to read
10. to help 11. to say 12. walk
13. to take 14. sing 15. to watch
四、单项选择
1-5 BCCBC
6-10 BBCBA