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表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在连系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等（具体见下图）。
1.连接词
类别 | 连接词 | 例句 |
从属连词 | that不作句子成分，也没有意义，通常不可省略 | My suggestion is that you should have patience.我的建议是你应该有耐心。 |
whether不作句子成分，但有“是否”的意义，一般不用if代替 | The question is whether we can cut down the costs of the product.问题是我们能否降低产品成本。from zshunj_cn |
because, as if/through等 | He has to watch his weight. That is because he has heart disease.他不得不注意自己的体重，那是因为他有心脏病。 It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。 |
连接代词 | who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等。在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 | The problem is who can complete the difficult task.问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务。 This is just what we are always looking forward to.这正是我们一直盼望着的。from zshunj_cn |
连接副词 | when, where, why, how等。在从句中作状语 | That is where he was born and brought up.那就是他出生和被养大的地方。 Their difficulty is how they can clear their debts.他们的困难是怎样才能还清债务。 |
2.需要注意的问题
①as if/though引导的表语从句的语气
as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem, appear, sound, feel等后。
若表述真实的情况，就用陈述语气；若表述与客观事实相反的假设，则用虚拟语气。
It seems as if he benefits a lot from the project.
看起来好像他从这个项目中获益不少。(陈述语气）
It looks as if/though he were drunk.
他看上去好像喝醉了。(虚拟语气）
②表语从句的特殊句式（The reason why. . .is that. . . ……的原因是…… (why引导定语从句，修饰the reason, that引导表语从句）
This/That/It is because . . .这／那是因为…… (because引导表语从句，从句表原因）
This/That/It is why . . .这／那就是……的原因。(why引导表语从句，从句表结果）
The reason why he didn't come is that he didn't receive the invitation.
他没来的原因是他没有收到请柬。
The woman was weeping bitterly. That's because her son was drowned in a river.
那位女士痛哭流涕，那是因为她的儿子在河中溺亡了。(先果后因）
The woman's son was drowned in a river. That's why she was weeping bitterly.from zshunj_cn
那位女士的儿子在河中溺亡了，那是她痛哭流涕的原因。(先因后果）
③ 表语从句中的虚拟语气
主语是表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词，如suggestion, advice, proposal, order, command, request, requirement, demand等时，表语从句应使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
My suggestion is that we (should) set off early tomorrow.
我的建议是我们明天早点儿动身。
His order was that all boys gather quickly around the car.
他的命令是所有男孩子要速在汽车周围集合。
练习：
1.Nowadays the priority for travelling _____(shift) from shopping to food and scenery.
2.A ship in harbor is safe, but that is not _____ ships are built for.
3.The question is _____ Tom will reach the Great Wall on a stormy day, by bus or by taxi.
4.The problem I have been worrying about is ____ we can finish the project on time.
5.The puzzle of the librarian was _____ wallet it was and how to return it.
6.Monday is _____ students should prepare for school and get down to studying hard.
7.The school laboratory is _____ the experiment should be conducted to confirm what we have learned.
8.I've just read a moving story. That's _____ my face is bathed in tears.
9.From space, the earth looks blue. This is _____ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
10.Our country is developing at an amazing speed, and this is ________ makes me feel so proud.
1.答案：is shifted
解析：句意:现在旅行中优先考虑的事已从购物转变为食物和风景。说的是现在的情况,应用一般现在时;主语the priority和shift为被动关系,故使用一般现在时的被动语态。
2.答案：what
解析：句意：船在港内是安全的，但那不是造船的目的。此处what引导的表语从句，what在表语从句中作介词for的宾语。
3.答案：how
解析：句意：问题是汤姆在一个暴风雨的日子里如何到达长城，乘公共汽车还是乘出租车。此处how引导的表语从句。
4.答案：whether
解析：句意：我一直担心的问题是我们能否按时完成这个项目。此处whether引导的表语从句。
5.答案：whose
解析：句意：图书管理员的难题是这钱包是谁的，如何归还。这是whose引导的表语从句，whose在表语从句中作wallet的定语。from zshunj_cn
6.答案：when
解析：句意：星期一是学生们应该准备上学并认真学习的时候。这是when引导的表语从句，when在表语从句中作时间状语。
7.答案：where
解析：句意：学校的实验室是应该进行实验的地方，用来证明我们所学到的东西。这是where引导的表语从句，where在表语从句中作地点状语。
8.答案：why
解析：句意：我刚读了一个感人的故事，那就是我泪流满面的原因。That's why...是固定句式，意为"那就是……的原因"。
9.答案：because
解析：句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它大约百分之七十一的表面被水覆盖。This is because…是固定句式，意为"这是因为……"。
10.答案：what
解析：考查表语从句。句意:我们的国家正以惊人的速度发展,这让我感到非常自豪。分析句子可知,空格处放在is之后,引导表语从句。从句中缺少主语,表示“什么”,因此用what引导。故填what。
一、系动词巩固练习
( )1.The story sounds___________. A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true ( )2.Those oranges taste________. A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well ( )3.John _____driver since two months ago. A.became a B.has become a C.has turned D.has been a ( )4.-Can I join the club, Dad. from zshunj_cn-You can when you _________a bit older. A. get B. will get C. get D. will have got ( )5.How happy it____for me to be home again after ten years abroad! A.gives B.feels C.is felt D.is given ( )6.I love to go to the seaside on Summer.
It_____ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes ( )7. The new shirt______ right. A.doesn’t feel B.isn’t felt C.isn’t feeling D.doesn’t touch ( )8.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge?
It will _____ for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed ( )9.What you have said_______. A.is sounded interesting B sounds interesting C.sound interested D.listens interested ( )10.The class begins. Please keep________. A.silent B.silence C.the silence D.silently 二．在下列句子中的主语从句下划线，并且指出引导词是否充当成分，充当什么成分。
1. The fact is that he doesn’t really try.
2. The problem is who we can get to replace her.
3. My idea is that we should start making preparations right now.
4. The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
5. You are not who I thought you were.
6. What I want to know is which road we should take.
7. The problem is how we can find him.
8. That’s where I first met her.
9. China is no longer what she used to be.
10. That’s why he didn’t come.
11. That was when I was fifteen.
12. The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
13. That’swhat we are here for. yykz.net 来自出处
14. It is because I love you too much.
15. That’s because you can’t appreciate music.
三、单项选择
( )1.The question is ____ we will have our sports meeting next week.A. that B. if C.when D.whether( )2.The reason why he failed is ______he was too careless.A. because B.that C. for D. because of( )3.Go and get your coat. It’ s _____you left it A. where B.there C. there where D. where there( )4.This is ____ the city lies. A.which B.what C.where D.when( )5.What I want to know is _____ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B.if C.whether D.不填( )6.That was ___ I was thirteen I entered the No.1 Middle School. A.because B.why C.how D when( )7.That is _____ we were late last time. A. that B. when C.why D. what( )8.It was ___they were used as an advertisement for the shop .A.because B.which C.what D.if ( )9.-I fell sick! -I think it is ____ you are doing too much.A. why B.when C. what D. because( )10.The reason why he hasn’t come is _______.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother’s being illC. that his mother is ill yykz.net 来自出处( )11.-He was born here.-That is _____ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C.why D. how( )12.That is ____ Lu Xun once lived. A. what B.where C. that D. why( )13. Richard swims three times a week after work. This is ___ he keeps fit.A.what B.That C.how D.where( )14. Home is_____ we complain the most, but are often treated the best.A.which B.where C.that D.how( )15. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not__ships are built for.A.what B.whom C.why D.when( )16. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is___one can been tirely free from dust.
A.what B.that C.whether D.why
( )17. I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is___her never finishes anything.
A.that B.when C.where D.why
( )18.-I’d like to start my own business
-that’s____I’d do if I had them oney.
A.why B.when C.which D.what
( )19.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .
-Is that_____ you had a few days off？A. why B.what C. when D. where( )20.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ____I got wet through.A. It’s the reason B.That’s why C. There’s why D.It’s how( )21. See the flags on top of the building?
That was ____ we did this morning.A. when B.which C. where D. what( )22. The reason why he has been such a success is ____he never gives up.A.what B.where C.how D.that( )23. What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.A. the way B.in the way that C. in the way D.the way which( )24.The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.A. when B.why C.whether D. that( )25.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ____ I disagree.A. why B. where C.what D. how( )26.____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D.That; because( )27.____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B.That; what C. What; because D.Why; that( )28 . We were both travelling across Europe, and that’s _____we first met.A.which B.whether C.when D.whom( )29 The great thing about music is _____ it can bring people of different cultural backgrounds together.A.which B.what C.that D.whether( )30.-Are you a native of this town?-I was born in New York, but this is ____ I grew up.A.that B.what C.when D.where
二.在下列句子中的主语从句下划线，并且指出引导词是否充当成分，充当什么成分。1.The fact is that he doesn’t really try.(that不做成分)2. The problem is who we can get to replace her.(who作get的宾语)3. My idea is that we should start making preparations right now.(that不做成分)4.The question is whether the film is worth seeing.(whether不做成分)5.You are not who I thought you were.(who作表语)6.What I want to know is whichroad we should take.(which作road 的定语)7.The problem is how we can find him.(how作状语)8. That’s where I first met her.(where作状语)9. China is no longer what she used to be. (what作表语)10. That’s why he didn’t come. (why作状语)11. That was when I was fifteen. (when作状语)12. The question remains whether they will be able to help us.(whether不做成分)13. That’s what we are here for. (what作for的宾语)14. It is because I love you too much. (不做成分)15. That’s because you can’t appreciate music. (不做成分)1-5 DBACC 6-10 ACADC 11- 15 CBCBA 16-20 BDDAB 答案解析
1．D. A因为前边有个the question 所以that不对, that无法引出个问题需要个特定的疑问此之类的比如何时何地怎样等,而且翻译过来也不通：问题是我们下周将举行运动会,中文都不通顺. C,因为后边有next week所以就不用when了, 只能在BD中选“是否”这个含义,因为后边整个句子在全句中作表语,if不能引导表语从句,whether可以,所以选D2．B：he reason why he failed is (that) he was too careless. that,可以省略，他失败的原因是因为他太粗心；3．A：题中的where you left it是一个表语从句，where在句中做状语。There不能引导表语从句，C项中的there不能做先行词引导定语从句。句意：去拿你的外套，就在你放的地方。故A正确。4. C. where引导表语从句, 表示城市所处的位置.5．C.本句中的whether引导的是表语从句，whether在句中不充当任何成分，只起引导和连接作用。句意：我想知道的是你是否会喜欢我们买给他的礼物。That在句中不充当任何成分，没有任何的实际意义。if不能引导表语从句。故C正确。7．C. 表语由从句充当，就是表语从句，本句中is后的是表语，why we were late last time这个从句充当表语，所以本句就是一个表语从句，表示强调。 yykz.net 来自出处8．A：be used as 被当作（作为）……来使用句意：是因为它们被当作这家店的广告用。9．D：句意: 我感到虚弱无力,那是因为（because）你做了太多的事情.because后面加的是原因.第二题的翻译,他没有来的原因（reason）是他的妈妈病了.reason和because不能同时出现在一个句子中,就像because 和so不能同时出现一样.10．C：句式要求,the reason why ...is that .的原因是.，________ he hasn’t come是定语从句，先行词The reason在定从中作原因状语，用why引导；is后是表语从句，不能用for引导，所以选C。12．B：这是一个where引导的名词性从句。这是鲁迅曾经居住的地方。还可以把它换成定语从句：this is the place where lu xun once lived.13. C.考查表语从从句，句意：Richard 下班后每周游泳三次,这是他保持的健康方式,is后面是表语从句,从句不缺主宾表,缺少方式状语,用how引导表语从句.故选C14.B.考查表语从句连接词，句意：这是我们抱怨最多的地方。但是又是对我们最好的地方。Complain 是不及物动词，表语从句不缺少主语和宾语， how在从句中作方式状语， where可作地点状语。表示“在...之处” 故选 B15.A.分析句子结构可知，从句在be动词后，为表语从句，并且表语从句缺介词for的宾语，填入连接代词what。16.B.句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。17.D. 句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。分析句子结构可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的整个句子he’s more of a talker than a doer；在定语从句中，is后面为表语从句，由句意可知which指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因，故用why引导表语从句。18. D.分析句子结构，that’s后面所带从句为表语从句；再看从句中do为及物动词，需要填入宾语，故填入连接代词what。19. A. 句意：上周我开车去珠海看飞行表演。这就是你请几天假的原因吗？这里的why引导表语从句，why相当于the reason (that/why)。where（指地点）和when（指时间）引导表语从句，句子结构无误，但联系上文，在这里句意不通，答非所问，有逻辑错误。what虽然也可以引导表语从句，但what是连接代词，是要在句中作成分的，而后面的从句没有它的位置。20. B. 依句子结构应用固定句型That's why。why引导的是表语从句，说明题干前一句表述的，即“既没有带雨衣，又没有带雨伞”是“我全身淋湿”的原因。That's Why．意为“这就是为什么发生某事的原因”。这是表示原因的表语从句很常用的一种句型。句意为：我没有雨衣也没有雨伞，这是为什么我全身都湿了21. D. what在此引导表语从句，同时作表语从句谓语动词did的宾语。句意为：那就是今天早上我们所做的。22.B. The reason why…is that…这是个固定句型表示“…的原因是因为…”。23. A. What surprised me是主语从句，专not...but连接的属是并列的表语 but后面应该用名词the way，he said it是定语从句来修饰the way，way后的定语从句可以不用任何关系词.句意:令我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式.24. D.结合语境可知句子意思为：传统的观点是因为我们的大脑已经设定好让我们睡觉，所以我们睡觉。由以上译文可知句子中并不缺少任何成分只是少了应道表语从句的引导词。25. B. 主要测试表语从句。解题的关键在于分清句子中动词disagree的词性：不及物动词。句子意思：你说每个人应该平等，这正是我不同意的地方。26. B.题中第一空中的what引导主语从句what made the school proud，在句中作主语。第二空that引导表语从句，that在句中不充当任何成分，只起引导和连接作用。句意：让这所学校自豪的是超过百分之90的学生都被重点大学录取。要注意what在名词性从句中作主语，宾语或者表语；that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起引导作用，也没有任何的意思。故B正确。27. A.第一空填what，引导主语从句，主语从句中缺少宾语，第二空填why，是根据句意判断的：她不能理解的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣。选A。28. C.句意：我们都正在进行欧洲游，那是我们第一次见面的时候。is后面是表语从句，根据语境可知用when引导。故选C。29. C.句意：关于音乐的好处是它能将不同文化背景的人聚集在一起。is后面是表语从句，表语从句的内容和成分都是完整的，用that引导。故选C。30. D.句意：我出生在纽约，但是这（城镇）是我生长的地方。根据句意，此处为表语从句，从句中缺少地点状语。故选D。
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