独立主格结构

形式

一般独立主格形式

与主句逻辑关系松散

形式为n/代词+分词 （-ing 、-ed - to do）形式; n. +不定式; n. +介词短语; n. +形容词; n. +副词;

名词/主格代词+现在分词

名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主动关系。（表示主动和正在进行）

如：

The girl staring at him（= As the girl stared at him）, he didn't know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。

Time permitting（= If time permits）, we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。

名词/主格代词+过去分词（表示被动和已完成）

名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是被动关系。

如：

The problems solved（= As the problems were solved）, the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。

Her glasses broken（= Because her glasses were broken）, she couldn't see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。

名词/主格代词+不定式（表示将要发生的动作）

名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。

如：

He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。

They said good-bye to each other,one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。

名词/主格代词+形容词（常用来说明名词或代词的性质,特征或所处的状态）

如：

An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。

So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。

名词/主格代词+副词（常用来说明名词或代词的性质,特征或所处的状态）

如：

He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。

The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。

名词/主格代词+介词短语（常用来说明名词或代词的性质,特征或所处的状态）

如：

The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。

Mary was sitting near the fire,her back towards the door.玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。

名词/主格代词+名词

His first shot failure，he fired again．

他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.

两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。

- with 引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密

形式为: with + n. + -ed/-ing形式; with + n. +adj.; with +n. +介词短语

with （ without）+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。

The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.

小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。（without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式）

Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.

她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式）

The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.

有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。（with+名词/代词+动词不定式）

The boy was walking, with his father ahead.

父亲在前，小孩在后走着。（with+名词/代词+副词）

He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.

他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。（with+名词/代词+介词短语）