2018年广州一模英语试题及答案

C 

The belief that new technologies are causing the death of work is the idea that never goes away. Despite evidence to the contrary, we still view technological change today as being more rapid and dramatic in its consequences for work than ever before. But this is nothing new. People have always viewed the technological changes that take place during their lives as the most dramatic and dangerous that ever happened in history.

      In the 1930s, the British economist(经济学家) John Maynard Keynes predicted the widespread use of electricity would produce a world where people spend most of their time doing nothing. In theUnited Statesduring the 1960s, the government repeatedly investigates fears that automatic machines would permanently reduce the amount of work available. In 1988, one Australian historian claimed that at least a quarter of the workforce would be without jobs within 10 years because of computers.

      Of course, none of these disasters came to pass in theUnited Kingdom, theUnited StatesandAustralia, or anywhere else.

      Yet today, we are seeing the return of these predictions, with some experts claiming the world of work is once more undergoing radical and unprecedented change. They argue that robots and other workplace technologies are causing a reduction in the total amount of work available, or are bringing a more rapid pace of substitution of machines for humans than has been seen previously.

      But there is a little evidence to support such beliefs. Statistics show that the percentage of people in work, the number of hours they work, and how frequently they change jobs have remained remarkably constant over the past 20 years.

      This stability should not come as a surprise. There are good reasons why we should not expect new technologies to cause the death of work. New technologies always cause job losses, but that is only part of the story. What also needs to be understood is how they increase the amount of work available.

      One way this happens is through the increases in incomes that accompany the use of new technologies. With the introduction of these technologies, good and services can be produced faster, which results in higher real incomes for workers. Higher incomes then increase demand for other products and consequently more workers are needed to make them. Additionally, while new technologies are likely to substitute for some types of workers, they will also increase demand for other types of workers, especially those with higher level skills and expertise.

So, the end of work is no closer today than at any time in the past. But there is still a need to keep disproving the prediction, to reduce people's fears.

28. What is the function of the second paragraph?

A. To explain the importance of developing new technology.

B. To show how technology affected employment in the past.

C. To argue that technological dangers are becoming more serious.

D. To give historical examples of unnecessary fear about new technology.

29. How can employment statistics over the past 20 years best be described?

A. Confusing       B. Reliable               C. Stable             D. Variable

30. According to paragraph 7, why does demand for products often increase after new technology is introduced?

A. There are more goods for people to choose from.

B. There is more demand for new skills in the economy.

C. Productivity improvements help raise workers’ salaries.

D. Higher quality goods at lower prices encourage consumption.

31. What is the author’s opinion about the introduction of new technology?

A. It does not have an effect on most people’s jobs.

B. Its benefits are usually not worth the introduction.

C. It usually leads to a significant increase in employment.

D. Its danger to peoples employment possibilities is overstated.

D

Supermarket shelves are filled with plant-based alternatives to cow milk, including soy, nut, and coconut milk. These products are popular with consumers who cannot drink cows’ milk for health reasons, as well as with those concerned about animal welfare and environmental sustainability. While the dairy-free(非乳制的) options work well with cereal or in coffee, they fail miserably when it comes to making milk-based products like cheese or yogurt. However, these shortcomings may soon be a thing of the past, thanks to a new company inCalifornia, which has figured out how to create animal-free milk in a laboratory!

Perumal Gandhi and Ryan Pandya founded the company in 2014 after becoming increasingly annoyed with the lack of cows’ milk-free alternatives, particularly for cheese. For Gandhi, who stopped consuming animal products five years earlier due to environmental and animal welfare concerns, the motivation to create a better alternative stemmed from his love of cheesy pizza. Pandya was spurred into taking action after being forced to eat some “really bad” dairy-free cream cheese on his sandwich

The two MIT biomedical engineering scientists decided to join forces to create a more realistic alternative to dairy-based products. In their university lab, the pair spent nine months first isolating cow DNA then inserting it into yeast(酵母). This genetic modification enabled the yeast to produce the necessary milk proteins. The final step of the process involved mixing the proteins with some plant nutrients and fats.

The dairy-free milk not only tastes like the real thing but is also healthier, has a longer shelf life and, most important of all, is Earth friendly. According to the company’s website, when compared to conventional milk production, their process uses 65% less energy, creates 84%o less greenhouse gas emissions and requires 91% less land and an amazing 98% less water! Best of all, since it contains real milk proteins, the product behaves like the cow-produced version, which means vegetarian consumers will no longer have to deal with soggy cheese on their sandwiches and pizzas.

The company plans to bring their creation to market later this year and their first product will most likely be cheese since there are already numerous good cows’ milk alternatives available to consumers.

32. The underlined word "those" in paragraph 1 refers to_______.

A. alternatives                B. people             C. products                     D. reasons

33. The company s founders were motivated to make the new product because of_______.

A. their deep concern for the environment

B. their worry that farm animals were poorly treated

C the over-consumption of the dairy-based products

D. the poor taste of dairy-free cheese presently available

34. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?

A. The dairy-free products cannot be stored for a long time.

B. The new products will taste better than dairy-based ones.

C. Cow farming causes considerable environmental damage.

D. The dairy-free milk will be more expensive than cow’s milk.

35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Healthier Cheese

B. New Milk Saves Planet

C. Fresher Milk, Better Future

D. Making Milk without Cows

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic.   36   Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they won't be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong.  37    Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic(诊断的)tool.

Ozcan's invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don’t have enough training to correctly interpret what they see.  38   With Ozcan's mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital. The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes.

  39   His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low.

By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology---mobile phones---Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effectively almost anywhere.  40  

A. Another reason that Ozcan's invention is important is that it is inexpensive.

B. Even though you may only have a simple infection (感染), you might die because of the delay.

C. People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool.

D. Ozcan's simple, cost-effective tool might just save millions of lives around the world.

E. This tool has become much more popular all around the world.

F. You become very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help.

G. As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly.