短文改错试题的错误类型

二、从句法设问

检查考生对句子结构、复合句的理解、掌握及运用能力。这类错主要表现为：非谓语动词的错误，主谓不一致，连词的误用。

1. 非谓语动词的错误

[例17] I also shared with my friends many photos taking in Beijing. （2013 陕西）

解析：因句中已有谓语动词shared了，take应为非谓语动词；又因take与逻辑主语photo是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作后置定语，故taking应改为taken。

 [例18] I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. （2011 课标）

解析：buy应改为buying, 因为此处buy是主句谓语动词was的伴随状语，与主语I是主动关系，故用buy的现在分词。

 [例19]Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asking me to let her to copy my answers. （2013 四川）

解析：因本句无谓语动词，asking应为谓语动词，根据上下文时态可知，要用一般过去时，故改asking为asked。

2. 主谓不一致

[例20]...what you should do when a fire alarm go off. （2014 四川）

解析：在when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为a fire alarm，是第三人称单数形式，故动词go改为goes。

 [例21]Hard work have made him very ill. （2013 辽宁）

解析：因主语为hard work是第三人称单数形式，故改have为has。

 [例22]...but the only clothes I had was those I had on. （2011 课标）

解析：主语为clothes，是复数，故改was为were。

3. 连词的误用

[例24]But before long they began to see which was happening. （2012 课标）

解析：see后为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用连接代词what（=the thing that）。

 [例25]…we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.（2012 辽宁）

解析：从句意来看，应表示“直到”，故把unless改为until/till。