破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法

方法4：看搭配，防分隔

有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。读者若受分隔现象的干扰而看不清句子的本来面目，则对句意的理解就会发生偏差。如：

Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products, to some degree, their main selling points and emphasize it in their advertising.

【句意】一些公司把生产的卫生的、安全的产品，从某种程度上说，当作他们的卖点，并在广告中强调这一点。

【分析】其实本句是一个"主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语"句型"make+宾语+宾补"，即"使……成为……"，只不过宾语和宾补被"to some degree"隔开而已。

方法5：关键词，抓线索

有时某些句子句意模糊，让人理不清头绪，这时只能依靠关键词来抓，从而在大体上搞清楚句意。

Miss Dermain’s mother looked anxious throughout the wedding and Mr. Cordell’s parents are reported to be less than delighted.

【句意】Dermain的妈妈在整个婚礼显得很焦虑，据说Cordell 的父母的情绪也不是很高涨。

总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。如：

The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.

【句意】一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感，这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。

【分析】本句的主干为The fact does not mean that...，其中，that they do not experience emotions是从句作mean的宾语。that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another为fact的同位语从句，其中as do members of another是状语从句，助动词do位于主语members of another 前形成倒装，主语后省略了express their emotions。

★2016—2013年高考英语真题阅读理解长难句精析21句

1. 2016•全国卷I•B篇

Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.

【分析】but前面是第一分句，but后面是第二分句。动名词短语Having your grandchildren far away是第一分句的主语，现在分词短语especially knowing your adult child is struggling是第一分句中的状语；动名词短语giving up the life you know是第二分句的主语，you know是定语从句，修饰先行词the life。

【译文】与孩子们距离远是痛苦的，尤其是知道你的成年子女日子艰难，但是放弃你熟悉的生活可能会更艰难。

2. 2016•全国卷I•C篇

For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.

【分析】For this courier job是介词短语，在句中作状语；that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life是宾语从句，in that box是宾语从句中的地点状语，you’ve got something是宾语从句中的主谓宾；that is potentially going to save somebody’s life是定语从句，修饰前面的something。

【译文】对于这份传递员的工作而言，你会自觉地意识到你手中的那个箱子装着可能挽救某人生命的东西。

3. 2016•全国卷I•D篇

Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied（暗示） is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.

【分析】when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops是时间状语从句，what may be implied是主语从句，what在主语从句中作主语，that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing是表语从句，表语从句中含有宾语从句what has been said before continuing，what在宾语从句中作主语。

【译文】所以当一个来自这些文化之一的人在讲话时突然停住了，可能那个人是在继续（讲话）之前暗示听众去思考他之前说了什么。