破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法

4. 2016•全国卷II•B篇

His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect（感染） other students.

【分析】句中that引导宾语从句，且whose引导定语从句，修饰an unexpected teaching assistant。

【译文】他的存在意味着我在班级有一位意想不到的教学助手，并且他的创造力会感染其他的学生。

5. 2016•全国卷II•C篇

Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.

【分析】句中现在分词短语hoping that...在句中作状语，且其中的that引导宾语从句，且从句中的现在分词短语traveling...在从句中充当状语，而who引导定语从句，修饰each new reader。

【译文】然后，这个人把它放在一个公共场所，希望这本书会经历一次冒险，与发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。

6. 2016•全国卷III•A篇

CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM’s Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.

【分析】本句为一个含有较长介词短语的简单句，including至句末为介词短语，performances后的"by..."是介词短语作后置定语，presenting Baroque through modern music为现在分词短语作名词的后置定语。

【译文】CCM组织了多样的活动，包括知名的LaSalle四重奏乐团和CCM爱乐管弦乐团的演出，还有各种代表巴罗克风格到现代音乐的音乐家团体所进行的演出。

7. 2016•全国卷III•B篇

Heading back downtown toward her hotel, her big-city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion（团聚）.

【分析】本句为复合句，逗号前为现在分词短语作时间状语，定语从句"that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion（团聚）"在句中修饰先行词the turn of events.

【译文】在返回市区宾馆的途中，韦尔蒂的大都市的朋友们惊讶于他们活动的转变，他们的聚会早已由纽约式的宴会变成了密西西比人的地方性团聚。

8. 2016•全国卷III•B篇

Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native Jackson, Miss., from conversations overheard on a bus.

【分析】句中的"Beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats"与"Welty’s people"构成同位关系，三个from介词短语与come连用，表明小说中人物角色来源的多面性。

【译文】Welty小说中的角色——美容师、酒吧招待、钢琴演奏者及那些戴着紫色帽子的人——源自于她与老朋友共度的下午，源自于她在土生土长的密西西比州杰克逊城的大街小巷散步的过程中，还源自于她在公交车上无意间听到的闲谈。

9. 2016•全国卷III•C篇

To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.

【分析】本句主干为it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence，句中不定式短语作真正的主语，it为形式主语；该句前面为介词短语To people，而people后又接了一个定语从句，该句后面为such as短语，用于举例。

【译文】对于那些已习惯了选择超市里有限的苹果种类如Golden Delicious和Royal Gala的人来说，目睹Decio这种过去由罗马人种植的传统苹果品种如今依然存在可能会令他们大开眼界。

10. 2016•全国卷III•D篇

Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative（消极的）, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news.

【分析】本句为连词but连接的两个并列分句，第一个分句为含有一个宾语从句的复合句，主句的主语是Researchers，其后的现在分词短语analyzing word-of-mouth communication作定语，谓语是found，后面是that引导的宾语从句；第二个分句也是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。

【译文】分析口述交际如电子邮件、网帖、评论和面谈的研究者发现，它倾向于更积极而不是消极（的内容），但这并不一定意味着人们更偏爱积极的消息。

11. 2015•新课标全国卷I•B篇

These were the real deal — and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.

【分析】破折号后面的句子对前句进行解释。破折号后为主从复合句。主句I realized 后跟that引导的宾语从句，在宾语从句中含有that引导的定语从句修饰先行词things。

【译文】这些都是货真价实的瓜果蔬菜——就在那一刻，我意识到，萨拉索塔的冬天最美妙之处在于可以吃到新鲜的瓜果蔬菜，而我一旦回到纽约的家中，连续几个月都无法品尝到这些瓜果蔬菜。

12. 2015•新课标全国卷II•A篇

I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit.

【分析】这是一个主从复合句。连词because引导原因状语从句，同时该从句又包含了一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词clothes。

【译文】我能够在一年多前买下它（电视机）是因为我让我的亲戚们在我生日时给我钱而不是买大量不合身的衣服。