破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法

13. 2015•新课标全国卷II•B篇

Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious（难为情） when they’re in poorly lit places — and so more likely to eat lots of food.

【分析】这是一个主从复合句。for为并列连词，表示原因，when在句中引导时间状语从句。

【译文】昏暗的环境更有可能刺激人们暴饮暴食，因为在这种光线暗淡的地方人们往往会不那么难为情，所以就更有可能吃大量的食物。

14. 2015•新课标全国卷II•C篇

The gap-year phenomenon originated（起源） with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.

【分析】主语是The gap-year phenomenon，谓语是originated，后面是介词短语作状语。

【译文】间隔年现象起源于牛桥申请者在十一月入学考试和下一个学年开始前的这几个月。

15. 2015•新课标全国卷II•D篇

Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze（迷宫） where it is easy to get lost!

【分析】这是一个主从复合句。定语从句which include the famous maze修饰先行词historic gardens，定语从句where it is easy to get lost修饰先行词maze。

【译文】（你可以）参观宫殿和各种（皇家）历史花园，花园中有著名的迷宫，在那里（游客）容易迷失方向！

16. 2014•新课标全国卷II•A篇

He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.

【分析】这是一个主从复合句。lost and lonely in a strange city做伴随状语；thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country是现在分词做伴随状语；while trying to settle down in a new one是状语从句的省略。

【译文】他向警方报案，然后坐在那里，很失落，在陌生的城市也很孤单，想想从一个遥远的国家把那么多文件重新整理一遍会有多大麻烦，而自己还要试图在一个新的国度安家。

17. 2014•新课标全国卷II•B篇

We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it," says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.

【分析】这是直接引语。引语部分含有主从复合句，there even was an environment是宾语从句，let alone that there was a problem with it是平行结构。

【译文】美国地球日主席Bruce Anderson说，“那时候我们根本就不知道环境，更不用说知道环境有问题了。”

18. 2014•新课标全国卷II•C篇

The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children to learn Chinese.

【分析】这是一个主从复合句，who引导定语从句修饰先行词parent。

【译文】随着越来越多的美国父母希望自己的孩子学习汉语，来自中国的互惠生受欢迎这一趋势一直在加强。

19 2013•新课标全国卷Ⅱ•B篇

Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.

【分析】本句很长，却是一个简单句，句子主干是：groups of students were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre。

【译文】不久，一批批的学生，首先是来自爱丁堡大学的学生，接着便是牛津、剑桥、达勒姆和伯明翰的大学的学生，每年夏天来到苏格兰首府，在小教堂中为爱丁堡人表演一些不太为人所知的作家的戏剧。

20. 2013•新课标全国卷Ⅱ•C篇

Given that many people’s moods （情绪）are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine.

【分析】given是介词，意为"鉴于，考虑到"，Given that...作状语。主句是it was probably only a matter of time，意为"……可能只是个时间问题"。

【译文】鉴于许多人的情绪受巧克力化学作用的控制，或许使巧克力店像中药店一样（人们能购买巧克力治病）只是个时间问题。

21. 2013•新课标全国卷Ⅱ•D篇

Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mother’s Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity （慈善机构）.

【分析】本句的基本结构是：Some gift companies allow you to pay it forward this Mother’s Day。句中的"in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity"是一个定语从句，修饰先行词gifts。

【译文】一些礼品公司，如Presents for Purpose允许你在今年母亲节前预付款，你所挑选的礼品，其价格的10%将捐给慈善机构。（中学生学习）