副词系统归纳学习专题

一、副词的一般特点

1、 副词是一个可以修饰 a．动词，b．形容词，c．另一副词，d．介词，e．连词，或 f．整个句子的词。

a．He arrived late．He studies hard．

b．He is very honest．He has a rather difficult problem．

c．He arrived too late．He studies very hard．

d．He started long after me．She sat just behind John．

e．He arrived long after I did．She fell ill just because she worked too hard．

f．Luckily he succeeded．Economically，Africa is underdeveloped

2、副词放在以下位置：a．放在所修饰词前面，b．紧跟所修饰词，c．放在最前头，d．放在最后头：

a．It is fairly easy．He often came here．

b．John will come soon．Wait here please．

c．Yesterday John‘s father suddenly came here．

d．He went to a village far away from the city yesterday．

3、 根据词义，副词可以分为下面几类：

a．时间副词，b．地点副词，c．方式副词，

d．程度副词，及 e．（不）肯定副词：

a．He did yesterday．He was frequently failed．

b．John sleeps here．Mary went abroad．Let us climb up．

c．He slept soundly．He ran fast．We waited patiently．

d．He is extremely cruel．John walked too fast．

e．Certainly he will return．He will probably let me know．

4、副词和形容词一样可有等级。a．单音节词，以加-er和-est的方式构成比较级及最高级，b．以-ly结尾的副词，以加more和most的方式构成比较级和最高级。c．还有少数不规则的比较形式：

原级     比较级    最高级

____     ____      ____

near     nearer    nearest

fast     faster     fastest

quickly  more quickly most quickly

steadily more steadily most steadily

cleverly more cleverly most cleverly

ill/bad/badly worse worst

well  better   best

far   farther  farthest

much  more     most

little less    least

二、副词的普通用法

1．几乎所有副词可以用来修饰动词：

He died here．（地点）

He died yesterday．（时间）

He died suddenly（方式）

He nearly（程度）died．

He has probably（肯定性）died．

2．程度副词可用来修饰下面的词：

a．形容词，b．另一副词，c．间或修饰动词：

a．He is rather silly．The house is very dark．He has an extremely difficult problem．

b．He ran much faster than I．He speaks English fluently enough．He works too hard．

c．He loves her very much．I little know that she is his sister．

方式副词也可用来表示程度，修饰形容词（d）或副词（e）：

d．He is dreadfully sad．

Mary is remarkably simple．

She is lamentably poor．

He is comfortably warm．

e．He ran tolerably fast．

He writes immeasurably better than I．

We have waited terribly long．

He read incredibly fast．

注：出于语音上的考虑，副词及所修饰的副词不能同时都以-ly结尾，避免说 He works terribly slowly．（但可说 He’s terribly slow．）

3．表示a．程度，b．时间，或c．地点的副词可以用来修饰介词：

a． He is much against my proposal．

He failed entirely through his own fault．

He arrived exactly at five o‘clock．

he sat just behind me．

b． He came soon after noon．

He left long before the war．

c． He lives far beyond that pagoda．

He stood close beside me．

It is near（or hard）by the bridge．

4．表示a．程度，或b．时间的副词可用来修饰连词：

a．He fell ill partly because he worked too hard．

He met her exactly when she was angry．

b．He got married long before he was graduated．

He died soon after he got sick．

5．表示a．肯定程度，及b．方式的副词可以用来修饰整个句子：

a．He will surely succeed．

Surely he will succeed．

He will probably come．

We must positively get the license．

Yes，I can．No．I can’t．

b．Happily，he was pardoned．

Luckily，he has tried his best and succeeded．

B．副词的特殊用法

6．少数副词可用来修饰名词。在这样用时，它们通常放在所修饰名词的前面：

He is quite a hero（=quite heroic）．

He is regarded as rather a fool（=rather foolish）．

He is almost a child（=almost childish）．

Only Wang studied English last year．（No other students studied．）

Wang studied only English last year．（not any other language）

（Even和almost的作用和only相同）

7.有些副词（多为地点副词）在修饰名词时，可以看作一个压缩的形容词从句（即定语从句）：

He waited at the bridge there（=that lay there）．

His life abroad（=which was spent abroad）was hard．

The then king（=king that reigned then）was cruel．

The above statement is false．

The up train（=train that goes up）comes at seven．

He went to a far country．