英语阅读理解正确选项与干扰选项的特点

（三）以偏概全. 把文章中的事实和细节当主旨,把片面的、次要的观点当成主要观点. 在猜测文章或段落大意、标题以及释义题中,干扰项总是以偏概全,具体表现为: （1） 把文章中的次要观点、细节混进体现文章主要观点、中心思想的选项 （2） 把超过文章讨论的东西亦作为归纳或结论混进选项. （3）把段落的主旨当作文章的主旨.

【考例1】There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.

The main purpose of this Paragraph is to tell us that _______.

A. Economic Principles B. Law of Supply and Demand

C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices

【考例2】There is no necessary connection between the symbol and that which it stands for. Just as social positions can be symbolized by feathers worn on the head, by gold on the watch chain, or by a thousand other things according to the culture we live in, so the fact of being hungry can be symbolized by a thousand different noises according to the culture we live in. （2005北京D）

What can we conclude from Paragraph 2?

A. Different noise may mean different things.

B. Our culture determines what a symbol stands for.

C. The language we use symbolizes our social positions.

D. Our social positions determine the way we are dressed.

【考例3】It seems that the Englishmen just cannot live without sports of some kind. A famous French humorist once said that this is because the English insist on behaving like children all their lives. Wherever you go in this country, you will see both children and grown-ups knocking a ball about with a stick or something, as if in Britain men shall always remain boys and women girls! Still, it can never be bad to get exercise, can it?

The main purpose of Paragraph 1 is to tell us that the English _______.

A. are all sports lovers B. behave like children

C. like to kick a ball around D. remain young by getting exercise

（四） 张冠李戴. 把一个事物的特征说成是另一个事物的特征,因果倒置（把因说成果,把果说成因）；把他人的观点说成是作者的观点. 命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来,题干问的是作者的观点,选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点,却把作者的观点放到选项中去.

【考例1】Many years ago,when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver,I was driving to my parents? home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station（加油站）about 50 miles from Oklahoma City,where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register（收款台）, I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas. （2006全国A）

The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City________.

A. to visit a friend B. to see his parents

C. to pay at the cash register D. to have more gas for his car

【考例2】As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen （air） in the bottle. The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside. This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle. The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle. The outside air pressure against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! The proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on it.

In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can_________.

A. equalize the air pressure inside and outside B. make a seal in the neck of the bottle

C. finish up the oxygen inside the bottle D. produce more oxygen inside the bottle

【考例3】One famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each night. Whether he went to bed at 10 p.m. or 2.30 a.m. made no difference. Even if you cannot keep to this kind of discipline, it is a good idea to make sure you always have a general interest book in your pocket. Don?t forget it should be a book which entertains you and the English must not be too difficult for you.

The famous surgeon mentioned in the first Paragraph exemplifies the people who ____.

A. make it a rule to read at 10 p.m. or 2:30 a.m. every day

B. are in the habit of doing regular reading every day no matter how busy they are

C.alwayshaveaninterestin；D.habituallygotobedlate；

【考例4】A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift—＄7,000,a legacy （遗产） from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident .”It really made a difference when we were going under financially.” says Dave. （2009山东A）

According go the text, the Fusses __________.

A. were employed by a truck company B. were in financial difficulty

C. worked in a school cafeteria D. lost their home

【考例5】This is not a surprise to public health advocates. They?ve studied the effect of state tax increases for years, finding that smokers, especially teens, are price sensitive. Nor is it a shock to the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase.

The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely. （2009山东C）

What does the author think is a surprise?

A. Teen smokers are price sensitive. B. Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.

C. Tobacco taxes improve public health. D. Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.