英语阅读理解正确选项与干扰选项的特点

（五）正反倒置

1. 把事实发生的顺序颠倒

【考例1】Unlike her 1995 autobiography, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes （糖尿病）. All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation （JDRF）, an organization she serves as international chairman. “I felt there was a need for a book like this,” she says. “I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease.” （2010湖南卷B）

We can know that before 1995 Mary__________.

A. had two books published B. received many career awards

C. knew how to use a computer D. supported the JDRF by writing

2. 把事物的正面影响或负面影响反过来说.

【考例2】 We have met the enemy and he is ours .We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest it?s hard not to wonder of the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings.

 “Most of the infections（感染）we think of as human infections started in other animals “ says Stephen Morse director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University. （2009宁夏D） From Paragraph I we learn that the pet sold at the shop may_________.

A. come from Columbia B. prevent us from being infected

C. enjoy being with children D. suffer from monkey-pox

【考例3】 As the paper burns, it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen （air） in the bottle. The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle, so no more air can get inside. This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle. The air pressure must equalize, so more air from outside must enter the bottle. The outside air pressure against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle! The proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on it.

In the experiment, the burning inside the bottle can_________.

A. equalize the air pressure inside and outside

B. make a seal in the neck of the bottle

C. finish up the oxygen inside the bottle

D. produce more oxygen inside the bottle

4.  因果倒置（把因说成果,把果说成因）

【考例4】If you look for a book as a present for a child. You will be spoiled for choice even in a year there is no new Harry Potter. J.K Rowling?s wizard is not alone: the past decade has been a harvest for good children?s books, which has set off a large quantity of films and an increased sales of classics such as The lard of the Rings. （2007山东B）

Which of the following is true of Paragraph 1?

A. Many children?s books have been adapted from films.

B. Many high-quality children?s books have been published.

C. The sales of classics have led to the popularity of films.

D. The sales of presents for children have increased.

【考例5】 （2009安徽E） A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dropping below l6℃. Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate. Without the forest cover,these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere,warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns,potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world.

Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they .

A. reflect more heat into the atmosphere

B. bring about high rainfall throughout the world

C. rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃

D. reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth

4. 把作者观点的反面说成是作者的观点

【考例6】In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers.

However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction….

We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe__________.

A. Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents

B. Japan's economic success is a result of its scientific achievements

C. Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction

D. Japan's higher education is superior to theirs

（六）过度引申.

备选项虽然是从原文中推理引申出来的,但是却超出了文章允许的范围. 考生切勿过度发挥,一切以原文为本.

【考例1】 Hal Rogers, Representative from Kentucky, like those who are against high tobacco taxes, argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans “who choose to smoke.”

That?s true, But there is more reason in keeping future generations of low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place. As for today?s adults, if the new tax drives them to quit, they will have more to spend on their families, cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.

What can we learn from the last paragraph? （2009山东C）

A. The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.

B. Low-income Americans are more likely to fall ill.

C. Future generations will be hooked on smoking.

D. Adults will depend more on their families.

【考例2】Nearly all “speed reading” course have a “pacing” element — some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. Check the average number of words per page for the particular book you are reading.

A pacing device of a reading course is aimed at enabling the students to ____.

A. assess their reading speed B. speed up their reading

C. check their comprehension D. do the most efficient reading

（七）用词常规含义代替文章的具体词义.

在英语语言中,许多词或短语存在多义的现象,考生如果只掌握其常用的基本词义是不够的. 在阅读实践中,更不能用已掌握的常用词义去代替偏用词义,从而导致对词或句意的误解或费解. 命题者在命制词义句意题时,就通常把要考查的词或句意的常规含义作为干扰项以麻痹考生. 因此,考生必须根据上下文推测其在特定语境下的含义.