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莫言获诺贝尔文学奖演说 

来源：网络 发布时间：2012-12-19 10:55:00 查看次数：
内容提要：今后的岁月里，我将继续讲我的故事。 

My greatest challenges come with writing novels that deal with social realities, such as The Garlic Ballads, not because I’m afraid of being openly critical of the darker aspects of society, but because heated emotions and anger allow politics to suppress literature and transform a novel into reportage of a social event. As a member of society, a novelist is entitled to his own stance and viewpoint; but when he is writing he must take a humanistic stance, and write accordingly. Only then can literature not just originate in events, but transcend them, not just show concern for politics but be greater than politics.
可能是因为我经历过长期的艰难生活，使我对人性有较为深刻的了解。我知道真正的勇敢是什么，也明白真正的悲悯是什么。我知道，每个人心中都有一片难用是非善恶准确定性的朦胧地带，而这片地带，正是文学家施展才华的广阔天地。只要是准确地、生动地描写了这个充满矛盾的朦胧地带的作品，也就必然地超越了政治并具备了优秀文学的品质。
Possibly because I’ve lived so much of my life in difficult circumstances, I think I have a more profound understanding of life. I know what real courage is, and I understand true compassion. I know that nebulous terrain exists in the hearts and minds of every person, terrain that cannot be adequately characterized in simple terms of right and wrong or good and bad, and this vast territory is where a writer gives free rein to his talent. So long as the work correctly and vividly describes this nebulous, massively contradictory terrain, it will inevitably transcend politics and be endowed with literary excellence.
喋喋不休地讲述自己的作品是令人厌烦的，但我的人生是与我的作品紧密相连的，不讲作品，我感到无从下嘴，所以还得请各位原谅。
Prattling on and on about my own work must be annoying, but my life and works are inextricably linked, so if I don’t talk about my work, I don’t know what else to say. I hope you are in a forgiving mood.
在我的早期作品中，我作为一个现代的说书人，是隐藏在文本背后的，但从《檀香刑》这部小说开始，我终于从后台跳到了前台。如果说我早期的作品是自言自语，目无读者，从这本书开始，我感觉到自己是站在一个广场上，面对着许多听众，绘声绘色地讲述。这是世界小说的传统，更是中国小说的传统。我也曾积极地向西方的现代派小说学习，也曾经玩弄过形形色色的叙事花样，但我最终回归了传统。当然，这种回归，不是一成不变的回归，《檀香刑》和之后的小说，是继承了中国古典小说传统又借鉴了西方小说技术的混合文本。小说领域的所谓创新，基本上都是这种混合的产物。不仅仅是本国文学传统与外国小说技巧的混合，也是小说与其他的艺术门类的混合，就像《檀香刑》是与民间戏曲的混合，就像我早期的一些小说从美术、音乐、甚至杂技中汲取了营养一样。
I was a modern-day storyteller who hid in the background of his early work; but with the novel Sandalwood Death I jumped out of the shadows. My early work can be characterized as a series of soliloquies, with no reader in mind; starting with this novel, however, I visualized myself standing in a public square spiritedly telling my story to a crowd of listeners. This tradition is a worldwide phenomenon in fiction, but is especially so in China. At one time, I was a diligent student of Western modernist fiction, and I experimented with all sorts of narrative styles. But in the end I came back to my traditions. To be sure, this return was not without its modifications. Sandalwood Death and the novels that followed are inheritors of the Chinese classical novel tradition but enhanced by Western literary techniques. What is known as innovative fiction is, for the most part, a result of this mixture, which is not limited to domestic traditions with foreign techniques, but can include mixing fiction with art from other realms. Sandalwood Death, for instance, mixes fiction with local opera, while some of my early work was partly nurtured by fine art, music, even acrobatics.
最后，请允许我再讲一下我的《生死疲劳》。这个书名来自佛教经典，据我所知，为翻译这个书名，各国的翻译家都很头痛。我对佛教经典并没有深入研究，对佛教的理解自然十分肤浅，之所以以此为题，是因为我觉得佛教的许多基本思想，是真正的宇宙意识，人世中许多纷争，在佛家的眼里，是毫无意义的。这样一种至高眼界下的人世，显得十分可悲。当然，我没有把这本书写成布道词，我写的还是人的命运与人的情感，人的局限与人的宽容，以及人为追求幸福、坚持自己的信念所做出的努力与牺牲。小说中那位以一己之身与时代潮流对抗的蓝脸，在我心目中是一位真正的英雄。这个人物的原型，是我们邻村的一位农民，我童年时，经常看到他推着一辆吱吱作响的木轮车，从我家门前的道路上通过。给他拉车的，是一头瘸腿的毛驴，为他牵驴的，是他小脚的妻子。这个奇怪的劳动组合，在当时的集体化社会里，显得那么古怪和不合时宜，在我们这些孩子的眼里，也把他们看成是逆历史潮流而动的小丑，以至于当他们从街上经过时，我们会充满义愤地朝他们投掷石块。事过多年，当我拿起笔来写作时，这个人物，这个画面，便浮现在我的脑海中。我知道，我总有一天会为他写一本书，我迟早要把他的故事讲给天下人听，但一直到了2005年，当我在一座庙宇里看到“六道轮回”的壁画时，才明白了讲述这个故事的正确方法。
Finally, I ask your indulgence to talk about my novel Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out. The Chinese title comes from Buddhist scripture, and I’ve been told that my translators have had fits trying to render it into their languages. I am not especially well versed in Buddhist scripture and have but a superficial understanding of the religion. I chose this title because I believe that the basic tenets of the Buddhist faith represent universal knowledge, and that mankind’s many disputes are utterly without meaning in the Buddhist realm. In that lofty view of the universe, the world of man is to be pitied. My novel is not a religious tract; in it I wrote of man’s fate and human emotions, of man’s limitations and human generosity, and of people’s search for happiness and the lengths to which they will go, the sacrifices they will make, to uphold their beliefs. Lan Lian, a character who takes a stand against contemporary trends, is, in my view, a true hero. A peasant in a neighboring village was the model for this character. As a youngster I often saw him pass by our door pushing a creaky, wooden-wheeled cart, with a lame donkey up front, led by his bound-foot wife. Given the collective nature of society back then, this strange labor group presented a bizarre sight that kept them out of step with the times. In the eyes of us children, they were clowns marching against historical trends, provoking in us such indignation that we threw stones at them as they passed us on the street. Years later, after I had begun writing, that peasant and the tableau he presented floated into my mind, and I knew that one day I would write a novel about him, that sooner or later I would tell his story to the world. But it wasn’t until the year 2005, when I viewed the Buddhist mural “The Six Stages of Samsara” on a temple wall that I knew exactly how to go about telling his story.
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