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莫言获诺贝尔文学奖演说 

来源：网络 发布时间：2012-12-19 10:55:00 查看次数：
内容提要：今后的岁月里，我将继续讲我的故事。 

In the midst of mind-numbing military life, I welcomed the ideological emancipation and literary fervor of the nineteen-eighties, and evolved from a boy who listened to stories and passed them on by word of mouth into someone who experimented with writing them down. It was a rocky road at first, a time when I had not yet discovered how rich a source of literary material my two decades of village life could be. I thought that literature was all about good people doing good things, stories of heroic deeds and model citizens, so that the few pieces of mine that were published had little literary value.
1984年秋，我考入解放军艺术学院文学系。在我的恩师著名作家徐怀中的启发指导下，我写出了《秋水》、《枯河》、《透明的红萝卜》、《红高粱》等一批中短篇小说。在《秋水》这篇小说里，第一次出现了“高密东北乡”这个字眼，从此，就如同一个四处游荡的农民有了一片土地，我这样一个文学的流浪汉，终于有了一个可以安身立命的场所。我必须承认，在创建我的文学领地“高密东北乡”的过程中，美国的威廉·福克纳和哥伦比亚的加西亚·马尔克斯给了我重要启发。我对他们的阅读并不认真，但他们开天辟地的豪迈精神激励了我，使我明白了一个作家必须要有一块属于自己的地方。一个人在日常生活中应该谦卑退让，但在文学创作中，必须颐指气使，独断专行。我追随在这两位大师身后两年，即意识到，必须尽快地逃离他们，我在一篇文章中写道：他们是两座灼热的火炉，而我是冰块，如果离他们太近，会被他们蒸发掉。根据我的体会，一个作家之所以会受到某一位作家的影响，其根本是因为影响者和被影响者灵魂深处的相似之处。正所谓“心有灵犀一点通”。所以，尽管我没有很好地去读他们的书，但只读过几页，我就明白了他们干了什么，也明白了他们是怎样干的，随即我也就明白了我该干什么和我该怎样干。
In the fall of 1984 I was accepted into the Literature Department of the PLA Art Academy, where, under the guidance of my revered mentor, the renowned writer Xu Huaizhong, I wrote a series of stories and novellas, including: Autumn Floods, Dry River, The Transparent Carrot, and Red Sorghum. Northeast Gaomi Township made its first appearance in Autumn Floods, and from that moment on, like a wandering peasant who finds his own piece of land, this literary vagabond found a place he could call his own. I must say that in the course of creating my literary domain, Northeast Gaomi Township, I was greatly inspired by the American novelist William Faulkner and the Columbian Gabriel García Márquez. I had not read either of them extensively, but was encouraged by the bold, unrestrained way they created new territory in writing, and learned from them that a writer must have a place that belongs to him alone. Humility and compromise are ideal in one’s daily life, but in literary creation, supreme self-confidence and the need to follow one’s own instincts are essential. For two years I followed in the footsteps of these two masters before realizing that I had to escape their influence; this is how I characterized that decision in an essay: They were a pair of blazing furnaces, I was a block of ice. If I got too close to them, I would dissolve into a cloud of steam. In my understanding, one writer influences another when they enjoy a profound spiritual kinship, what is often referred to as “hearts beating in unison.” That explains why, though I had read little of their work, a few pages were sufficient for me to comprehend what they were doing and how they were doing it, which led to my understanding of what I should do and how I should do it.
我该干的事情其实很简单，那就是用自己的方式，讲自己的故事。我的方式，就是我所熟知的集市说书人的方式，就是我的爷爷奶奶、村里的老人们讲故事的方式。坦率地说，讲述的时候，我没有想到谁会是我的听众，也许我的听众就是那些如我母亲一样的人，也许我的听众就是我自己，我自己的故事，起初就是我的亲身经历，譬如《枯河》中那个遭受痛打的孩子，譬如《透明的红萝卜》中那个自始至终一言不发的孩子。我的确曾因为干过一件错事而受到过父亲的痛打，我也的确曾在桥梁工地上为铁匠师傅拉过风箱。当然，个人的经历无论多么奇特也不可能原封不动地写进小说，小说必须虚构，必须想象。很多朋友说《透明的红萝卜》是我最好的小说，对此我不反驳，也不认同，但我认为《透明的红萝卜》是我的作品中最有象征性、最意味深长的一部。那个浑身漆黑、具有超人的忍受痛苦的能力和超人的感受能力的孩子，是我全部小说的灵魂，尽管在后来的小说里，我写了很多的人物，但没有一个人物，比他更贴近我的灵魂。或者可以说，一个作家所塑造的若干人物中，总有一个领头的，这个沉默的孩子就是一个领头的，他一言不发，但却有力地领导着形形色色的人物，在高密东北乡这个舞台上，尽情地表演。
What I should do was simplicity itself: Write my own stories in my own way. My way was that of the marketplace storyteller, with which I was so familiar, the way my grandfather and my grandmother and other village old-timers told stories. In all candor, I never gave a thought to audience when I was telling my stories; perhaps my audience was made up of people like my mother, and perhaps it was only me. The early stories were narrations of my personal experience: the boy who received a whipping in “Dry River,” for instance, or the boy who never spoke in “The Transparent Carrot.” I had actually done something bad enough to receive a whipping from my father, and I had actually worked the bellows for a blacksmith on a bridge site. Naturally, personal experience cannot be turned into fiction exactly as it happened, no matter how unique that might be. Fiction has to be fictional, has to be imaginative. To many of my friends, The Transparent Carrot is my very best story; I have no opinion one way or the other. What I can say is, The Transparent Carrot is more symbolic and more profoundly meaningful than any other story I’ve written. That dark-skinned boy with the superhuman ability to suffer and a superhuman degree of sensitivity represents the soul of my entire fictional output. Not one of all the fictional characters I’ve created since then is as close to my soul as he is. Or put a different way, among all the characters a writer creates, there is always one that stands above all the others. For me, that laconic boy is the one. Though he says nothing, he leads the way for all the others, in all their variety, performing freely on the Northeast Gaomi Township stage.
自己的故事总是有限的，讲完了自己的故事，就必须讲他人的故事。于是，我的亲人们的故事，我的村人们的故事，以及我从老人们口中听到过的祖先们的故事，就像听到集合令的士兵一样，从我的记忆深处涌出来。他们用期盼的目光看着我，等待着我去写他们。我的爷爷、奶奶、父亲、母亲、哥哥、姐姐、姑姑、叔叔、妻子、女儿，都在我的作品里出现过，还有很多的我们高密东北乡的乡亲，也都在我的小说里露过面。当然，我对他们，都进行了文学化的处理，使他们超越了他们自身，成为文学中的人物。
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